Psychology 1

Question 1

Amy Cuddy

Answer 1

Famous for “power poses”

Found that asking people to adopt “power poses” boosted their levels of testosterone and suppressed levels of cortisol. Went on to write “Presence”. Victim of replication crisis.

Question 2

John Bargh

Answer 2

Famous for “priming” study in 1996.

Young experimental subjects were asked to solve a word puzzle in which some of them where exposed to words that suggested old age, such as bald, restirement, wrinkle, Florida and gray. The young subjects who had not seen these particular words then set off briskly down the corridor to participate in another task; the young subjects who had, instead, been ‘primed’ with words suggested old age shuffled off the corridor at a measurably slower pace. …

Daniel Kahneman wrote about this study in Thinking Fast and Slow: “Disbelief is not an option. The results are not made up, nor are they statistical flukes. You have no choice but to accept that the major conclusions of these studies are true.”

Question 3

In 2015 Brian Nosek did a big replication campaign of top 100 studies. Only ___ replicated. “The Reproducibility Project”

Answer 3

39

Question 4

Ulric Neisser

Answer 4

Invented cognitive psychology

In the 1960s, Ulric Neisser reintroduced the possibility of studying mental operations of the cognitively functioning brain. This approach is called cognitive psychology and is still the primary paradigm of psychology today.

Question 5

Edward O Wilson

Answer 5

Expert on ants & proponent of sociobiology, the study of the genetic basis of the social behaviour of all animals, including humans.

Question 6

David Hume thought:

Answer 6

the mind was no more than a collection of sensory impressions linked together by associations formed by contiguity and similarity

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 7

Famous for establishing the first psychological laboratory in 1879. (Leipzig, Germany.)

Question 8

Philip Zimbardo

Answer 8

Stanford prison experiment

Showed power of situation.

Question 9

Heider and Simmel

Answer 9

Famous for experiments with random shapes, people invented stories.

Did an experiment with shapes moving around. When asked to recount what they saw people always told a story, rather than just described it. We’re meaning-seeking creatures.

Question 10

Kurt Lewin

Answer 10

Proponent for the importance of situation

Question 11

Lee Ross & Richard E Nisbett

Answer 11

Wrote book about situational psychology that Malcolm Gladwell is obsessed with

Question 12

Sceptical of the idea of personality - a stable set of traits, independent of situation

Answer 12

Walter Mischel

Big in the 60s

“I find it very hard to fathom the idiocy of Mischel’s conclusion. It would mean that a person who others think of as for instance shy is really nothing of the kind. It just looks that way because we have only had chance to observe him or her in situations that elicits shyness. … “ [Blog]

Personality barely survived and its proponents, like Hans Eysenck and Arthur Jensen, were often dismissed