History 1 Flashcards
Harp of pint of Guinness is fashioned after:
High king Brian Boru.
Unifying king of Ireland. Famous for ending Viking domination of Ireland with battle of Clontarf in 1014
The majority of Zimbabweans are ____ speaking
Shona speaking
Stanislav Petrov.
Man who saved the world in 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident.
Socrates sentenced to death
399 BCE
Henry I’s Charter of Liberties
1100
Caligula failed invasion of England was in ___.
40 AD
He told his troops to gather sea shells.
Inspirational leader of Singapore
Lee Kuan Yew
Which civilisation?
One enduring symbol from their artwork is the double-headed eagle—a design that was passed down and adopted by many other cultures throughout the ages, from Byzantium to Imperial Russia
Hittites
Fall of Western Roman Empire
476
In this year the last Roman emperor of the west, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by a Germanic prince called Odovacar.
___ was a moderate and he did not agree with the extreme views of the Jacobins and consequently left the Jacobin party.
Mirabeau
De Montfort’s rebellious parliament
1265
The ___ was a popular revolt by peasants that took place in northern France in the early summer of 1358 during the Hundred Years’ War.
The Jacquerie was a popular revolt by peasants that took place in northern France in the early summer of 1358 during the Hundred Years’ War.
A group of “twenty and odd” enslaved Africans arrived in the Virginia Colony
1619
Treaty of Tordesillas, where the pope divided the world between Spain & Portugal was in ____
1494
Julius Caesar first failed invasion of England
55, 54 BC
Claudius successful invasion
43 AD
Julius Caesar becomes dictator
47 BC
Rome raze Carthage & Corinth
146 BC
The ____ on the Greek island of Crete was the capital of the Minoan civilization.
Palace of Knossos
Pilgrimage of grace (uprising against Henry VIII)
1536
French Revolution:
The buff ugly guy in Place of Greater Safety =
Witty writer =
Georges Danton
Camille Desmoulins
The first President of Indonesia
Sukarno
1945 to 1967.
Overthrown by Foreign Office dirty tricks in 1966
Al-Kindi brings classical Greek texts to House of Wisdom in Baghdad in ___
900
Through the Government of India Act ____ the British Crown assumed direct control of East India Company-held territories in India in the form of the new British Raj.
Through the Government of India Act 1858 the British Crown assumed direct control of East India Company-held territories in India in the form of the new British Raj.
Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of Wittenberg Cathedral
1517
Full modern thinking homo sapiens have been around for ___
50,000 years.
Farming was independently invented
7 times
Charlemagne was born
742
Women get vote in New Zealand
1893
Dates of the Malayan Emergency =
1948 - 1960 fight for independence.
Called an “emergency” because tin-mining industries had pushed for the use of the term “emergency” since their losses would not have been covered by Lloyd’s insurers if it had been termed a “war”.
10 days that shook the world referred to what?
1917 Russian October Revolution. Book by John Reed.
Boudicca uprising
60
Emily davidson killed herself throwing herself under the King’s horse
1913
1953 coup in Iran overthrew democratically elected leader named ____.
Mosaddegh - called Operation Boot
By about 600, Anglo-Saxon England had become divided into a number of small kingdoms within what eventually became known as the ____ .
Heptarchy
Arrival of Hengist and Horsa
449
Viking raid on Lindisfarne
793
Black Plague in England.
1348
It is the most fatal pandemic recorded in human history, causing the death of 75–200 million people in Eurasia and North Africa, peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351
Clive Campbell, better known by his stage name ____, is a Jamaican DJ who is credited for originating hip hop music in the Bronx, New York City, in the 1970s through his “Back to School Jam”, hosted on August 11, 1973, at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue
DJ Kool Herc
Island of Borneo is known as ____ in Indonesia
Kalimantan
Fall of Constantinople was in ___
1453
Led to Columbus discovering America as a new way tor reach the East.
Chinese thinker who argued that to avoid nepotism we should have a meritocratic class of administrators
Mozi.
He was a woodworker and engineer and
believed humans were innately good.
Saint Augustine arrives in Britain. Wanted to set up in London but only had protection of Ethelbert in Kent, thus Canterbury
597
English king who expelled Jews from England
Edward I in royal decree of 1290
Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple was destroyed. Most of the elite were taken into captivity in Babylon. The city was razed to the ground.
587 or 586 BCE
Much of the population was deported to Babylon and their descendants remained there until the Achaemenid Persians released them. This period of Jewish history was called the Babylonian Captivity.
fugitive slave act
1850
The ___ Party - an Egyptian nationalist movement that came into existence in the aftermath of World War I
Wafd
Capital of the Assyrian Empire destroyed by Babylonians & Medes in ____ . Jonah preaches to the people of the city warning of the coming destruction. Sits on the Tigris, opposite modern city of Mosul
Nineveh destroyed in 612 BC
Who was Bahadur Shah Zafar?
The ‘last Mughal’.
He had been the rallying point for the failed “Indian uprising” of 1857, when soldiers from undivided India rose against the British East India Company.
Act of Supremacy, which declared that Henry was the “Supreme Head on earth of the Church of England”
1534
First Indian war of independence
1857
Clause___ of Magna Carta ‘no free man shall be imprisoned… except by … the law of the land’
39
There was an Anglo-Saxon settlement by the early 7th century, called____ , about one mile west of Londinium, to the north of the present Strand.
Lundenwic
T rex v Stegosourus timeline
The difference in time between when the Tyrannosaurus rex and the stegosaurus lived is greater than the difference in time between when the Tyrannosaurus rex lived and now
Stegosaurus = Last around 150 mya
T rex = Last around 66 mya
____ Parliament of ___ is usually counted as the start of the regular summoning of the commons, as well as lords and prelates.
Edward I’s Parliament of 1295 is usually counted as the start of the regular summoning of the commons.
Birth of Muhammed
570
Glorious Revolution
1688
The overthrow of the Catholic king James II, who was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange.
The Last Glacial Period (LGP) finished c ____ years ago.
c. 115,000 – c. 12,000 years ago.
Who was knitting under the guillotine?
Madame Defarge in Tale of Two Cities
The Indian Rebellion happened in ___
1857
Magna Carta
1215
Traditionally, Buddha was born in
563 BC
First Crusade
1095
Indian thinker who helped found Mauryan empire and defeated Nanda empire. Wrote Arthashastra “the science of material gain” / “art of government’. “Listen to ministers” seems to be his big contribution. Kind of Indian Machiavelli. Associated with Indian independence
Chanakya
Ashurbanipal =
Last great ruler of Assyrian empire
(Reign = 669–631 BC)
Traditionally, Buddha was born in ____
563 BC
Native people of Borneo
Dayaks
James Cook’s missions lasted from ___ to ___
1768 - 1779
Queen Victoria had ___ children
9 children
Malayan Emergency lasted from ___ to ___
Malayan Emergency lasted from 1948–1960. The fighting spanned both the colonial period and the creation of an independent Malaya in 1957.
Montagnard (Vietnam) means =
Montagnard is an umbrella term for the various indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam
Horatius Cocles was famous for
Horatius Cocles defended the bridge over the river Tiber, protecting the New Roman Republic from Etruscans.
Made famous in a poem by Thomas Babington McAulay.
Cocles = “Cyclops,” so named because he had lost one of his eyes in the wars
What happened 541 mya?
Cambrian explosion
Simony =
Simony is the act of selling church offices and roles or sacred things.
It is named after Simon Magus, who is described in the Acts of the Apostles as having offered two disciples of Jesus payment in exchange for their empowering him to impart the power of the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom he would place his hands. The term extends to other forms of trafficking for money in “spiritual things”.
Sulla became dictator
82 BC
Spartacus uprising
73 BC
Cicero killed after Octavian agreed to give him up in deal with Mark Anthony
43 BC
Vikings take ___ in 886
York
The Battle of __ in 878 and made an agreement with the Vikings, creating what was known as the Danelaw in the North of England
Battle of Edington
Danes kill East Anglian King ___ with arrows in the manner of Christian martyr Saint Sebastian in 869.
King Edmund the Martyr
According to one legend, his head was then thrown into the forest, but was found by searchers following the cries of an ethereal wolf calling out in Latin, “Hic, Hic, Hic” – “Here, Here, Here”. He was patron saint of England for many years before St George took over. Origin of Bury St Edmund’s.
Older brother to King Alfred and king before him
Aethelred
Battle of ___ in 871
This is the battle where Aethelred is busy hearing mass in his ten and Alfred has to do the fighting.
Battle of Ashdown, 871
First city-state, founded 4500 BC, most famous for its great king Gilgamesh and the epic tale of his quest for immortality
Uruk
Abandoned in 79 AD after eruption of Vesuvius
Pompeii
65,000 years ago. Arrival of humans in ___
Australia
anatomically modern Homo sapiens, evolved around ___
“300,000 years ago
Yet tools, artefacts, cave art – suggest that complex technology and cultures, “behavioural modernity”, evolved more recently: 50,000-65,000 years ago.”
The French invasion of Italy in ___ is widely seen as the beginning of the end of the Italian Renaissance.
1494
Italy divvied up among the Bourbons and Hapsburgs”
In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader ___ , who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome
Odoacer
also called Odovacar, or Odovakar
“The Oracle of Delphi told ___ he would destroy a great empire, but when he rode out to battle, the empire he destroyed was his own.
____ predicted the Israelites would rebel against God; they did so by killing His prophet ____ .
_____ heard a prediction that she would marry her infant son Oedipus, so she left him to die on a mountainside – ensuring neither of them recognized each other when he came of age”
Croesus, last king of Lydia, renowned for great wealth
Zechariah
Jocaster
Wilmington massacre was a mass riot and insurrection carried out by white supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina. Happened in ____
1898
President assassinated by anarchist in 1901, led to witch hunt
William McKinley
Scythians also known as ___
The Huns
3 Mesopotamian empires =
Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians
1898 Spanish-American war led the US to gain:
“Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine islands.
Basically caused by US support for Cuban independence from Spain. began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor”
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob - patriarchs of the Jewish people, were around in ____
17th Century BCE - 1600s…
First king of Israel was ___
Saul.
Marked a transition from a tribal society to statehood
Anointed by the prophet Samuel
625 - 605 BCE Assyrian empire collapses from in civil war and invasion from ___ & ___
Babylonians & Medes
2nd temple built in Jerusalem.
520 BC (Lasted until destroyed by Romans in 70 AD)
First crusade was in ___
1096 AD even though by then the Fatimid Dynasty had taken over and were cool with Christian pilgrimages
In ___ Israel invades Lebanon - Lebanese Christians massacred Palestinians in their refugee camp. IDF didn’t intervene.
1982
In 1982 Israel invaded Lebanon with the goal of ending PLO attacks from a country that was still engulfed in a civil war. The ensuing war pitched Israeli forces and Lebanese Christian militias against PLO and Syrian forces. After 10 weeks of fighting, PLO fighters left Beirut under a US-brokered truce. Israeli forces then allowed Christian militias into Sabra and Shatila refugee camps where they massacred Palestinians in revenge for the assassination of their leader Bashir Gemayel. Israel succeeded in exiling the PLO leadership from Beirut but its international standing was severely dented by the war, particularly by the massacres of Palestinians (for which Ariel Sharon was found to ‘bear personal responsibility). Israel eventually withdrew to a ‘security zone’ in South Lebanon and established a proxy militia, and withdrew completely in 2000.
Masada suicide was in ___
73 AD
445 / 444 BCE ____ was cupbearer to king of Persia. Went to Jerusalem and rebuilt the walls in 52 days.
Nehemiah
1187 Saracen general ____ takes Jerusalem. He was actually Kurdish, not Arab
Saladin
In ___ Israel unilaterally annexes Golan Heights, a rocky plateau in south-western Syria.
1981
It had been seized by Israel from Syria in the closing stages of the Six Day War of 1967.
First Intifada was in ___
1987
Hamas, an Islamic Resistance Movement inspired by Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood formed.
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by an orthodox Jewish student in ___
1995
Second Intifada
2000
There are ____ commandments in Judaism
613 commandments
During the whole post-WWII period, the Soviet Union murdered upward of ____ , its own citizens and others under its control, a grisly improvement over the 40 million executed, purposefully starved, and worked to death in the 1917–48 period.
20 million people
The bit about Virginia’s Wolf’s ‘room of your own’ essay that everyone ignores
Virginia wolf said you need a room of your own and___ a year in order to write.
£500
That’s £27k in today’s money, or a round £36k after tax. And she wasn’t talking about working.
At what battle did Ethiopia maintain its independence?
Defeated the Italian army at the Battle of Adwa, Ethiopia, in 1896.
As a result, the country drew the admiration of many newly independent states in Africa. The adoption of the Ethiopian national colours by many Pan-African entities is a consequence of this. The first African state to adopt a red, gold and green flag upon independence was Ghana in 1957.
Was a brief period of control under Mussolini
Conference that carved up Africa
The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885
Paris Commune
1871
Battle of Pylos & Sphakteria
425 BC
Athens leader was Demosthenes
Athens land on island near Sparta, Spartans attack.
Then the Spartans are trapped.
Kleon upends the negotiations in public by insisting they happen in public. He then became general and gets a Spartan surrender, something Spartans had never been known to do.
Changed course of the war, big boost to Kleon.
Later Battle of Navarino 1827