Religion Flashcards
1
Q
Port or region mentioned in the Bible, famous for its wealth.
A
Ophir King Solomon received a cargo of gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks from there every three years
2
Q
Lethe
A
River of forgetfulness / oblivion
One of the 5 rivers of Hades
3
Q
Who was killed by sprig of mistletoe?
A
Baldur
4
Q
Queen of the Amazons
A
Hippolyta
5
Q
sunset evening prayer service
A
Vespers
6
Q
Maitreya
A
The future Buddha
They will descend to earth to preach anew the dharma (“law”) when the teachings of Gautama Buddha have completely decayed
According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya is a bodhisattva who will appear on Earth in the future, achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma. According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor to the present Buddha, Gautama Buddha (also known as Śākyamuni Buddha). The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya refers to a time in the future when the dharma will have been forgotten by most on the terrestrial world.
7
Q
The Bull
A
Taurus
8
Q
The Twins
A
Gemini
9
Q
The Crab
A
Cancer
10
Q
The Lion
A
Leo
11
Q
The Maiden
A
Virgo
12
Q
The Scales
A
Libra
13
Q
The Scorpion
A
Scorpio
14
Q
The (Centaur) Archer
A
Sagittarius
15
Q
“Goat Mountain” or “Goat-horned” (The Sea-Goat)
A
Capricorn
16
Q
The Water-Bearer
A
Aquarius
17
Q
The Fish
A
Pisces
18
Q
A Persian legendary creature similar to the Egyptian sphinx.
A
Manticore
Head of a human
+ Body of a lion
+ Tail of scorpion / venomous porcupine quills
19
Q
Prelate
A
a bishop or other high ecclesiastical dignitary.
20
Q
___ = the portion of the revenues of a cathedral or collegiate church formerly granted to a canon or member of the chapter as his stipend
A
Prebend
21
Q
Benefice
A
A group of parishes served by one incumbent (member of clergy)
22
Q
___ = Title given to the archbishop of a province. The Archbishop of Canterbury is ____ of All England. The Archbishop of York is ___ of England.
A
Primate
23
Q
Oldest book in New Testament
A
James
24
Q
Issac means ___
A
laughter
25
Movement that emphasised love & personal relationship - not temple ceremony
Bhakti Movement
They taught that people could cast aside the heavy burdens of ritual and caste, and the subtle complexities of philosophy, and simply express their overwhelming love for God
preached using the local languages so that the message reached the masses
Reached its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE
The Bhagavad Gita (poem that's part of the great Indian epic Mahabharata) inspired the Bhakti (“devotion”) Movement which then influenced the development of Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.
Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru and the founder of Sikhism, was a Bhakti saint
Like Islamic sufism.
26
Mahavira
founder of Jainism
27
Nandi
Shiva's bull
28
Moksha
Salvation
29
Ahimsa
the principle of not harming any living creature
30
Which God = Preserver?
Vishnu
Often pillars (linga) and often lots of heads,
Vishnu is the supreme being who creates, protects and transforms the universe
Partner is Parvati (mother Goddess) one offspring is Ganesha.
Stability, orthodox. Whenever the world is threatened with evil, chaos, and destructive forces, Vishnu descends in the form of an avatar. There are ten but Rama and Krishna are most important.
He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism
31
Often has snakes (nagas), destroyer
Shiva
32
Mother goddess in Hinduism
Devi
Sanskrit word for 'goddess';
33
supreme creator
Brahma
Although he is the creator, he is hardly worshipped in modern Hinduism.
34
Steps, like on the bank of the Ganges river
Ghats
35
The teaching of Buddha
Dharma
36
Cycle of birth and rebirth of the soul ("atman")
Samsara
37
\_\_\_ = release from Samsara (cycle of birth/rebirth).
Moksha
One can escape ("marga") in 3 ways:
1) knowledge and insight
2) right behaviour
3) devotion to the gods
38
Only one supreme being exists.
Also, a theory or doctrine that denies the existence of a distinction or duality in a particular sphere, such as that between matter and mind, or God and the world.
Monism
39
Hindu sect that considers all personal forms of God as equal
Smartism
40
Who is this?
Nataraja - god of the dance
Carrying fire (destruction) and drum (creation)
Shiva
41
Commentaries on the four Vedas
Brahmanas
42
\_\_\_\_ - later texts, mean to "sit up close"
Upanishads
43
Atman
The soul
Pure consciousness, innermost self
44
Indra
god of war thunder and rain
45
Agni
God of fire
Agni is described in the scriptures as ruddy-hued and having two faces—one beneficent and one malignant. He has three or seven tongues, hair that stands on end like flames, three legs, and seven arms; he is accompanied by a ram, the usual sacrificial animal.
46
New Testament mentions _ different Herods.
Six
47
\_\_\_\_ - great poem, doomsday epic, family feud and then battle.
Mahabharata Krishna tells prince Arjuna to fight, even if it meant killing his relatives. Motives are key, is the lesson.
48
Mahabodhi tree - temple in \_\_\_, where Buddha attained enlightenment
Mahabodhi tree - temple in Bihar, where Buddha attained enlightenment
49
\_\_\_ ___ - town that is home to Mahabodhi Temple.
Bodh Gaya
Most holy place on Earth for the followers of the Buddhist faith all over the world.
50
Genocide of the _____ - slay everyone said Moses ‘But all the women children, that have no known a man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves’.
Midianites
51
Turkish Shia are called ____ . They drink wine, and don’t go to Mosque because Ali was murdered in a mosque.
Alevi
52
\_\_\_ is a religion dreamed up by a Vietnamese civil servant who have saints including Joan of Arc and Julius Ceasar.
Cao Dai
53
\_\_\_\_ taught that Yaweh was an evil god inferior to us. He’s a “demiurge”
Gnostics taught that Yaweh was an evil god inferior to us. He’s a “demiurge”
54
Difference between vicars & rectors. A ____ received both the greater and lesser tithes, whereas a ___ took only the lesser share, the greater going to the lay holder, or patron, of the parish.
In England most are vicars or rectors with the difference in title mainly historical... A rector received both the greater and lesser tithes whereas the vicar took only the lesser share, the greater going to the lay holder, or patron, of the parish.
55
A ___ \_\_\_\_ held the job of priest in an area which had not yet been formally or legally constituted as a parish, and received neither greater nor lesser tithes, but only a small stipend in return for his duties. Tended to have a lower social status, and were often quite poorly remunerated.... The title was abolished in 1968.
perpetual curate
56
Anglican bishops usually wear a purple \_\_\_\_.
Not surplice but rochet
with red or black ___ and matching cuffs
black \_\_\_\_,
and sometimes an academic hood.
Cassock
Rochet
Chimere
Tippet
57
Bishop is most senior, then archdeacon - except in CoE where ___ is the senior priest in the diocese
the dean of the cathedral church
58
Dean
Head of the Chapter
A Dean is a priest who is the head of the Chapter of a cathedral, which meets in a chapter house. He is responsible for managing the cathedral and its affairs. In some cathedrals he is also the local parish priest, called a Rector.
59
Ordinand
Someone who is currently being trained to be a member of the clergy
60
Canon
A Canon in a church is an official.
He may or may not be a priest. The Chapter of a cathedral is an official group made up of the Dean and Chapter of canons, who meet in a chapterhouse. They run the cathedral, especially the business affairs of the cathedral. They are the body which has legal responsibility for the cathedral, and for electing the (arch)bishop.
61
Chapterhouse
is a building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church in which larger meetings are held
62
Aristippus
Founder of ethical hedonism, pleasure is the only good
the goal of life was to seek pleasure by adapting circumstances to oneself and by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity.
63
Muslim call to prayer =
Azan
64
Islamic scholar who is an interpretor of sharia law. Capable of issuing fatwa
Mufti
65
In the CoE there are 2 ____ : York & Cantebury
Provinces
66
Each province is made up of \_\_\_\_. In total there are 42 in England.
Dioscese
67
Dioceses are made up of \_\_\_\_\_.
Episcopal Areas
Archdeaneries
Deaneries
Parishes
-
Diocese of Chelmsford
3 Episcopal Areas - Barking Episcopal Area
7 Archdeaneries - Archdeanery of West Ham
24 Deaneries - e.g. Waltham Forest
Parish - St Johns
68
Stole
Is the scarf worn under the chasuble for Eucharist
69
Alb
white tunic worn under chasuble for Eucharist
70
Chasuble
Coloured cape worn for Eucharist
71
What were 4 physical aspects of the Buddha which are a bit weird? How many marks of a great man are there?
Webbed feet; long ear lobes; 'thighs of a royal stag' and blue eyes. All number amongst the 32 marks of a great man.
72
Purim celebrates when \_\_\_
when Esther of Persia rescued Jews from death
73
Who was the Mahdi's name and who was he? What happened to him?
Muhammad al-Muntazar (al Mahdi). He was the 12th Shia Imam and he was hdden in a cave by his father. Will return in the Major Occulation.
74
Cincture =
Rope around the waist
75
Deacons =
have been the lowest order of clergy; wear stole over one shoulder; not permitted to preside at the Eucharist, bless people or absolve sins; after a year they usually become priests (though strictly speaking they remain also a deacon)
76
Verger
Lead processions in the church
Also involved in the day to day running of the church.
They are voluntary roles.
77
3 things worn for mass / Eucharist
Alb, Chasuble and Stole
78
Rochet
White vestment worn by bishops (or in RC canons & cardinals too); similar to surplice but with baggy sleeves... Part of choir dress.
79
The Queen is NOT head of the Church of England
Supreme Governor of the Church of England,
80
Tippet
Scarf like garment, part of choir dress - not worn for Eucharist
81
Chimere
Like a big waist coat;
Bishops get a red one worn as part of choir dress
82
Short little cape that just covers the shoulders - in RC church
Mozzeta
83
Cope
Cape-like garment worn by a bishop.
In the ancient Church, bishops were generally elderly men who needed a cope to keep warm. The bishop removes the cope and puts on a chasuble to celebrate the Eucharist.
84
Jews against Israel
Neturei Karta
Haredi Jews who believe Jews should wait for the messiah to form a state
Founded in 1938, “Neturei Karta” (Aramaic for “Guardians of the Gates”)
85
Mizrahim
Arab Jews.
From the Hebrew and Arabic words meaning "those of the East".
86
Sephardi literally means =
Lit. "The Jews of Spain"
87
Annuciation
announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus
88
Assumption
the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven
89
What is the name of the double edged sword Sikh symbol?
What does it symbolise?
Khanda
Symbolises the two sides of the Sikh: saint and soldier
90
Salafism
Fundamentalist movement within Sunni Islam
Response to Western European imperialism
Emerged 19th century
A call to Muslims follow the example of those first three generations, the salaf.
91
Cantor
Leads people in singing, or sometimes in prayer
92
Our debt to Islam - who was 'father of algebra'?
Al Khwarizmi.
The term algebra itself comes from the title of his book (specifically the word al-jabr meaning "completion" or "rejoining")
93
Our debt to Islam - who was the 'father of optics'?
Alhazen
Aka Ibn al-Haytham;
lived 10th Century.
Alhazen read about the flooding of the Nile and audaciously wrote to the Caliph offering to build a dam. But when he got there he realised it was too big so he faked madness until the Caliph died some ten years later!
94
\_\_\_ and ___ mean 'son of' in Arabic
ibn & bin.
Bin is used when it's in the middle of sentence (Osama Bin Laden);
Ibn at the beginning.
95
What does the "al" prefix mean in Arabic?
"The".
In names, it means the place where someone's from. E.g. "Saddam al-Tikriti" means "Saddam, the guy from Tikrit."
El is an alternative spelling
96
3 types of ordained clergy in Anglican church
Priest, Bishop and Deacon
97
What's the difference between Brahman & Brahma?
Brahman is the unchanging timeless reality,
Brahma is the creator
98
First two sons of Adam:
\_\_\_ (who was a farmer) killed
\_\_\_ (who was a shepherd).
Why? What happened next?
Cain (who was a farmer) killed
Abel (who was a shepherd)
because God preferred his sacrifice.
Cain was sent to Land of Nod.
99
Wyvern
Dragons with 2 legs
100
Griffin
body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle
101
Egyptian cat goddess
Bast or Bastet
102
Two ravens of Odin
Huginn and Muninn ("thought" and "memory")
103
Hippogriff
Eagle + Horse
104
an ancient Mesopotamian goddess associated with love, beauty, sex, desire, fertility, war, justice, and political power.
Ishtar
originally worshiped in Sumer under the name "Inanna"
[The Burney Relief (also known as the Queen of the Night relief) - in British Museum]
105
What does Lucifer mean literally?
Morning star / Venus
106
Indian art form - patterns are created on the floor using colored rice, dry flour, colored sand or flower petals.
Rangoli
107
Spirit / soul in Hinduism
Atman
The real self beyond ego or false self.
108
The main bad guy in the Book of Esther
Haman
A vizier in the Persian empire under King Ahasuerus, commonly identified as Xerxes I
109
The Amalekite king who was captured by Saul and not killed, thus disobeying Samuel's order to annihilate the Amalekites.
Agag
This occasioned the final break between Samuel and Saul. Later Samuel killed Agag
110
Sisera
Enemy of the Hebrews killed by someone hammering a tent peg into his temple
111
Ananias
Sent by Jesus to restore the sight of Saul of Tarsus
112
Caiaphas
The Jewish high priest who organized a plot to kill Jesus.
Presided over the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus
113
How many constellations are there?
88
114
Name the 3 vestments:
Alb + cincture + stole
| (Gown + belt + scarf)
115
An Anglican priest wearing a ____ over alb and stole
Chasuble
116
Anglican priest in choir dress:
1)
2)
3)
Anglican priest in choir dress:
1) Cassock
2) Surplice (tunic of white linen)
3) Tippet (scarf)
(Also academic hood)
117
What's this?
Cassock
118
Who is this?
Ra
the Ancient Egyptian sun god,
119
Who is this?
Sobek
## Footnote
He was also called the Nile god, where they believed that the waters of the Nile River were from his race.
120
Who is this?
Anubis
associated with the processes of embalming and funeral of the dead
121
How many major denominations of Hinduism are there?
Four
1. Vaishnavism,
2. Shaivism,
3. Shaktism and
4. Smartism
122
Escorts you to the afterlife
Psychopomp
Creatures, spirits, angels, or deities in many religions whose responsibility is to escort newly deceased souls from Earth to the afterlife
123
What is a chapter?
In a cathedral a group of clerics that advise the bishop
124
Sannyasa
when you become a hermit in Hinduism at the end of your life
4th of 4 life stages known as Ashramas,
Brahmacharya = bachelor student
Grihastha = householder
Vanaprastha = forest dweller, retired
Sannyasa is traditionally conceptualized for men or women in late years of their life, but young brahmacharis have had the choice to skip the householder and retirement stages, renounce worldly and materialistic pursuits and dedicate their lives to spiritual pursuits.
