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Brendan 1 > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

1
Q

Port or region mentioned in the Bible, famous for its wealth.

A

Ophir King Solomon received a cargo of gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes, and peacocks from there every three years

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2
Q

Lethe

A

River of forgetfulness / oblivion

One of the 5 rivers of Hades

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3
Q

Who was killed by sprig of mistletoe?

A

Baldur

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4
Q

Queen of the Amazons

A

Hippolyta

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5
Q

sunset evening prayer service

A

Vespers

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6
Q

Maitreya

A

The future Buddha

They will descend to earth to preach anew the dharma (“law”) when the teachings of Gautama Buddha have completely decayed

According to Buddhist tradition, Maitreya is a bodhisattva who will appear on Earth in the future, achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma. According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor to the present Buddha, Gautama Buddha (also known as Śākyamuni Buddha). The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya refers to a time in the future when the dharma will have been forgotten by most on the terrestrial world.

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7
Q

The Bull

A

Taurus

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8
Q

The Twins

A

Gemini

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9
Q

The Crab

A

Cancer

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10
Q

The Lion

A

Leo

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11
Q

The Maiden

A

Virgo

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12
Q

The Scales

A

Libra

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13
Q

The Scorpion

A

Scorpio

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14
Q

The (Centaur) Archer

A

Sagittarius

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15
Q

“Goat Mountain” or “Goat-horned” (The Sea-Goat)

A

Capricorn

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16
Q

The Water-Bearer

A

Aquarius

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17
Q

The Fish

A

Pisces

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18
Q

A Persian legendary creature similar to the Egyptian sphinx.

A

Manticore

Head of a human

+ Body of a lion

+ Tail of scorpion / venomous porcupine quills

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19
Q

Prelate

A

a bishop or other high ecclesiastical dignitary.

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20
Q

___ = the portion of the revenues of a cathedral or collegiate church formerly granted to a canon or member of the chapter as his stipend

A

Prebend

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21
Q

Benefice

A

A group of parishes served by one incumbent (member of clergy)

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22
Q

___ = Title given to the archbishop of a province. The Archbishop of Canterbury is ____ of All England. The Archbishop of York is ___ of England.

A

Primate

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23
Q

Oldest book in New Testament

A

James

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24
Q

Issac means ___

A

laughter

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25
Q

Movement that emphasised love & personal relationship - not temple ceremony

A

Bhakti Movement

They taught that people could cast aside the heavy burdens of ritual and caste, and the subtle complexities of philosophy, and simply express their overwhelming love for God

preached using the local languages so that the message reached the masses

Reached its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE

The Bhagavad Gita (poem that’s part of the great Indian epic Mahabharata) inspired the Bhakti (“devotion”) Movement which then influenced the development of Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru and the founder of Sikhism, was a Bhakti saint

Like Islamic sufism.

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26
Q

Mahavira

A

founder of Jainism

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27
Q

Nandi

A

Shiva’s bull

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28
Q

Moksha

A

Salvation

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29
Q

Ahimsa

A

the principle of not harming any living creature

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30
Q

Which God = Preserver?

A

Vishnu

Often pillars (linga) and often lots of heads,

Vishnu is the supreme being who creates, protects and transforms the universe

Partner is Parvati (mother Goddess) one offspring is Ganesha.

Stability, orthodox. Whenever the world is threatened with evil, chaos, and destructive forces, Vishnu descends in the form of an avatar. There are ten but Rama and Krishna are most important.

He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism

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31
Q

Often has snakes (nagas), destroyer

A

Shiva

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32
Q

Mother goddess in Hinduism

A

Devi

Sanskrit word for ‘goddess’;

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33
Q

supreme creator

A

Brahma

Although he is the creator, he is hardly worshipped in modern Hinduism.

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34
Q

Steps, like on the bank of the Ganges river

A

Ghats

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35
Q

The teaching of Buddha

A

Dharma

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36
Q

Cycle of birth and rebirth of the soul (“atman”)

A

Samsara

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37
Q

___ = release from Samsara (cycle of birth/rebirth).

A

Moksha

One can escape (“marga”) in 3 ways:

1) knowledge and insight
2) right behaviour
3) devotion to the gods

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38
Q

Only one supreme being exists.

Also, a theory or doctrine that denies the existence of a distinction or duality in a particular sphere, such as that between matter and mind, or God and the world.

A

Monism

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39
Q

Hindu sect that considers all personal forms of God as equal

A

Smartism

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40
Q

Who is this?

A

Nataraja - god of the dance

Carrying fire (destruction) and drum (creation)

Shiva

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41
Q

Commentaries on the four Vedas

A

Brahmanas

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42
Q

____ - later texts, mean to “sit up close”

A

Upanishads

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43
Q

Atman

A

The soul

Pure consciousness, innermost self

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44
Q

Indra

A

god of war thunder and rain

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45
Q

Agni

A

God of fire

Agni is described in the scriptures as ruddy-hued and having two faces—one beneficent and one malignant. He has three or seven tongues, hair that stands on end like flames, three legs, and seven arms; he is accompanied by a ram, the usual sacrificial animal.

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46
Q

New Testament mentions _ different Herods.

A

Six

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47
Q

____ - great poem, doomsday epic, family feud and then battle.

A

Mahabharata Krishna tells prince Arjuna to fight, even if it meant killing his relatives. Motives are key, is the lesson.

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48
Q

Mahabodhi tree - temple in ___, where Buddha attained enlightenment

A

Mahabodhi tree - temple in Bihar, where Buddha attained enlightenment

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49
Q

___ ___ - town that is home to Mahabodhi Temple.

A

Bodh Gaya

Most holy place on Earth for the followers of the Buddhist faith all over the world.

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50
Q

Genocide of the _____ - slay everyone said Moses ‘But all the women children, that have no known a man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves’.

A

Midianites

51
Q

Turkish Shia are called ____ . They drink wine, and don’t go to Mosque because Ali was murdered in a mosque.

A

Alevi

52
Q

___ is a religion dreamed up by a Vietnamese civil servant who have saints including Joan of Arc and Julius Ceasar.

A

Cao Dai

53
Q

____ taught that Yaweh was an evil god inferior to us. He’s a “demiurge”

A

Gnostics taught that Yaweh was an evil god inferior to us. He’s a “demiurge”

54
Q

Difference between vicars & rectors. A ____ received both the greater and lesser tithes, whereas a ___ took only the lesser share, the greater going to the lay holder, or patron, of the parish.

A

In England most are vicars or rectors with the difference in title mainly historical… A rector received both the greater and lesser tithes whereas the vicar took only the lesser share, the greater going to the lay holder, or patron, of the parish.

55
Q

A ___ ____ held the job of priest in an area which had not yet been formally or legally constituted as a parish, and received neither greater nor lesser tithes, but only a small stipend in return for his duties. Tended to have a lower social status, and were often quite poorly remunerated…. The title was abolished in 1968.

A

perpetual curate

56
Q

Anglican bishops usually wear a purple ____.

Not surplice but rochet

with red or black ___ and matching cuffs

black ____,

and sometimes an academic hood.

A

Cassock

Rochet

Chimere

Tippet

57
Q

Bishop is most senior, then archdeacon - except in CoE where ___ is the senior priest in the diocese

A

the dean of the cathedral church

58
Q

Dean

A

Head of the Chapter

A Dean is a priest who is the head of the Chapter of a cathedral, which meets in a chapter house. He is responsible for managing the cathedral and its affairs. In some cathedrals he is also the local parish priest, called a Rector.

59
Q

Ordinand

A

Someone who is currently being trained to be a member of the clergy

60
Q

Canon

A

A Canon in a church is an official.

He may or may not be a priest. The Chapter of a cathedral is an official group made up of the Dean and Chapter of canons, who meet in a chapterhouse. They run the cathedral, especially the business affairs of the cathedral. They are the body which has legal responsibility for the cathedral, and for electing the (arch)bishop.

61
Q

Chapterhouse

A

is a building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church in which larger meetings are held

62
Q

Aristippus

A

Founder of ethical hedonism, pleasure is the only good

the goal of life was to seek pleasure by adapting circumstances to oneself and by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity.

63
Q

Muslim call to prayer =

A

Azan

64
Q

Islamic scholar who is an interpretor of sharia law. Capable of issuing fatwa

A

Mufti

65
Q

In the CoE there are 2 ____ : York & Cantebury

A

Provinces

66
Q

Each province is made up of ____. In total there are 42 in England.

A

Dioscese

67
Q

Dioceses are made up of _____.

A

Episcopal Areas

Archdeaneries

Deaneries

Parishes

-

Diocese of Chelmsford

3 Episcopal Areas - Barking Episcopal Area

7 Archdeaneries - Archdeanery of West Ham

24 Deaneries - e.g. Waltham Forest

Parish - St Johns

68
Q

Stole

A

Is the scarf worn under the chasuble for Eucharist

69
Q

Alb

A

white tunic worn under chasuble for Eucharist

70
Q

Chasuble

A

Coloured cape worn for Eucharist

71
Q

What were 4 physical aspects of the Buddha which are a bit weird? How many marks of a great man are there?

A

Webbed feet; long ear lobes; ‘thighs of a royal stag’ and blue eyes. All number amongst the 32 marks of a great man.

72
Q

Purim celebrates when ___

A

when Esther of Persia rescued Jews from death

73
Q

Who was the Mahdi’s name and who was he? What happened to him?

A

Muhammad al-Muntazar (al Mahdi). He was the 12th Shia Imam and he was hdden in a cave by his father. Will return in the Major Occulation.

74
Q

Cincture =

A

Rope around the waist

75
Q

Deacons =

A

have been the lowest order of clergy; wear stole over one shoulder; not permitted to preside at the Eucharist, bless people or absolve sins; after a year they usually become priests (though strictly speaking they remain also a deacon)

76
Q

Verger

A

Lead processions in the church

Also involved in the day to day running of the church.

They are voluntary roles.

77
Q

3 things worn for mass / Eucharist

A

Alb, Chasuble and Stole

78
Q

Rochet

A

White vestment worn by bishops (or in RC canons & cardinals too); similar to surplice but with baggy sleeves… Part of choir dress.

79
Q

The Queen is NOT head of the Church of England

A

Supreme Governor of the Church of England,

80
Q

Tippet

A

Scarf like garment, part of choir dress - not worn for Eucharist

81
Q

Chimere

A

Like a big waist coat;

Bishops get a red one worn as part of choir dress

82
Q

Short little cape that just covers the shoulders - in RC church

A

Mozzeta

83
Q

Cope

A

Cape-like garment worn by a bishop.

In the ancient Church, bishops were generally elderly men who needed a cope to keep warm. The bishop removes the cope and puts on a chasuble to celebrate the Eucharist.

84
Q

Jews against Israel

A

Neturei Karta

Haredi Jews who believe Jews should wait for the messiah to form a state

Founded in 1938, “Neturei Karta” (Aramaic for “Guardians of the Gates”)

85
Q

Mizrahim

A

Arab Jews.

From the Hebrew and Arabic words meaning “those of the East”.

86
Q

Sephardi literally means =

A

Lit. “The Jews of Spain”

87
Q

Annuciation

A

announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus

88
Q

Assumption

A

the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven

89
Q

What is the name of the double edged sword Sikh symbol?

What does it symbolise?

A

Khanda

Symbolises the two sides of the Sikh: saint and soldier

90
Q

Salafism

A

Fundamentalist movement within Sunni Islam

Response to Western European imperialism

Emerged 19th century

A call to Muslims follow the example of those first three generations, the salaf.

91
Q

Cantor

A

Leads people in singing, or sometimes in prayer

92
Q

Our debt to Islam - who was ‘father of algebra’?

A

Al Khwarizmi.

The term algebra itself comes from the title of his book (specifically the word al-jabr meaning “completion” or “rejoining”)

93
Q

Our debt to Islam - who was the ‘father of optics’?

A

Alhazen

Aka Ibn al-Haytham;

lived 10th Century.

Alhazen read about the flooding of the Nile and audaciously wrote to the Caliph offering to build a dam. But when he got there he realised it was too big so he faked madness until the Caliph died some ten years later!

94
Q

___ and ___ mean ‘son of’ in Arabic

A

ibn & bin.

Bin is used when it’s in the middle of sentence (Osama Bin Laden);

Ibn at the beginning.

95
Q

What does the “al” prefix mean in Arabic?

A

“The”.

In names, it means the place where someone’s from. E.g. “Saddam al-Tikriti” means “Saddam, the guy from Tikrit.”

El is an alternative spelling

96
Q

3 types of ordained clergy in Anglican church

A

Priest, Bishop and Deacon

97
Q

What’s the difference between Brahman & Brahma?

A

Brahman is the unchanging timeless reality,

Brahma is the creator

98
Q

First two sons of Adam:

___ (who was a farmer) killed

___ (who was a shepherd).

Why? What happened next?

A

Cain (who was a farmer) killed

Abel (who was a shepherd)

because God preferred his sacrifice.

Cain was sent to Land of Nod.

99
Q

Wyvern

A

Dragons with 2 legs

100
Q

Griffin

A

body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle

101
Q

Egyptian cat goddess

A

Bast or Bastet

102
Q

Two ravens of Odin

A

Huginn and Muninn (“thought” and “memory”)

103
Q

Hippogriff

A

Eagle + Horse

104
Q

an ancient Mesopotamian goddess associated with love, beauty, sex, desire, fertility, war, justice, and political power.

A

Ishtar

originally worshiped in Sumer under the name “Inanna”

[The Burney Relief (also known as the Queen of the Night relief) - in British Museum]

105
Q

What does Lucifer mean literally?

A

Morning star / Venus

106
Q

Indian art form - patterns are created on the floor using colored rice, dry flour, colored sand or flower petals.

A

Rangoli

107
Q

Spirit / soul in Hinduism

A

Atman

The real self beyond ego or false self.

108
Q

The main bad guy in the Book of Esther

A

Haman

A vizier in the Persian empire under King Ahasuerus, commonly identified as Xerxes I

109
Q

The Amalekite king who was captured by Saul and not killed, thus disobeying Samuel’s order to annihilate the Amalekites.

A

Agag

This occasioned the final break between Samuel and Saul. Later Samuel killed Agag

110
Q

Sisera

A

Enemy of the Hebrews killed by someone hammering a tent peg into his temple

111
Q

Ananias

A

Sent by Jesus to restore the sight of Saul of Tarsus

112
Q

Caiaphas

A

The Jewish high priest who organized a plot to kill Jesus.

Presided over the Sanhedrin trial of Jesus

113
Q

How many constellations are there?

A

88

114
Q

Name the 3 vestments:

A

Alb + cincture + stole

(Gown + belt + scarf)

115
Q

An Anglican priest wearing a ____ over alb and stole

A

Chasuble

116
Q

Anglican priest in choir dress:

1)

2)

3)

A

Anglican priest in choir dress:

1) Cassock
2) Surplice (tunic of white linen)
3) Tippet (scarf)

(Also academic hood)

117
Q

What’s this?

A

Cassock

118
Q

Who is this?

A

Ra

the Ancient Egyptian sun god,

119
Q

Who is this?

A

Sobek

He was also called the Nile god, where they believed that the waters of the Nile River were from his race.

120
Q

Who is this?

A

Anubis

associated with the processes of embalming and funeral of the dead

121
Q

How many major denominations of Hinduism are there?

A

Four

  1. Vaishnavism,
  2. Shaivism,
  3. Shaktism and
  4. Smartism
122
Q

Escorts you to the afterlife

A

Psychopomp

Creatures, spirits, angels, or deities in many religions whose responsibility is to escort newly deceased souls from Earth to the afterlife

123
Q

What is a chapter?

A

In a cathedral a group of clerics that advise the bishop

124
Q

Sannyasa

A

when you become a hermit in Hinduism at the end of your life

4th of 4 life stages known as Ashramas,

Brahmacharya = bachelor student

Grihastha = householder

Vanaprastha = forest dweller, retired

Sannyasa is traditionally conceptualized for men or women in late years of their life, but young brahmacharis have had the choice to skip the householder and retirement stages, renounce worldly and materialistic pursuits and dedicate their lives to spiritual pursuits.

Brendan 1 (14 decks)

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