Roman History Cards Set I Flashcards
When did the monarchy begin?
April 21, 753 BC
When did the monarchy end?
510 BC
How many Roman kings were there?
seven
Who was the first king of Rome?
Romulus
Who was the father of Romulus
Mars
Who was the mother of Romulus
Rhea Silvia
Who was the brother of Romulus?
Remus
Who were Romulus and Remus raised by?
Faustulus the shepard
Who was the wife of Faustulus?
Acca Laurentia
Who was the grandfather of Romulus?
Numitor
Where did Romulus go to help his grandfather get his throne back?
Alba Longa
Who took the throne from Numitor?
Amulius
On which hill did Romulus build a city?
Palatine
On which hill did Remus build a city?
Aventine
Who was Romulus’s wife?
Hersilia
Who did Romulus co-rule with?
Titus Tatius
Where was Titus Tatius from?
Sabinia
What was Romulus called after death?
Quirinus
Who was the second king of Rome?
Numa Pompilius
Which king invented the calendar?
Numa Pompilius
Which king established religion?
Numa Pompilius
Who was the consort of Numa Pompilius?
Egeria
What was unique about Egeria?
a nymph
Who was the third king of Rome?
Tullus Hostilius
What city did Tullus Hostilius destroy?
Alba Longa
Who was the king of Alba Longa when it was destroyed?
Mettius Fufetius
What two sets of triplets fought during the reign of Tullus Hostilius?
The Roman Horatii triplets and the Alban Curiatii triplets
Which king built the Curia?
Tullus Hostilius
Who was the fourth king of Rome?
Ancus Marcius
Which king was said to have build the Pons Sublicius?
Ancus Marcius
What was the first bridge across the Tiber river?
Pons Sublicius
Who was the fifth king of Rome?
Tarquinius Priscus
What does “Priscus” mean in Tarquinius Priscus’s name?
The Elder
Who was the wife of Tarquinius Priscus?
Tanaquil
Which king is said to have drained the Forum and begun work on the Circus Maximus?
Tarquinius Priscus
Who was the sixth king of Rome?
Servius Tullius
Which king was supposedly born a slave?
Servius Tullius
Which king built the Servian wall?
Servius Tullius
Who killed Servius Tullius?
his daughter Tullia and Superbus, her husband
Who was the seventh king of Rome?
Tarquinius Superbus
Which king of Rome was also known as, “The Proud”?
Tarquinius Superbus
Which king of Rome built the Cloaca Maxima?
Tarquinius Superbus
When did the Republic begin?
509 BC
When did the Republic end?
27 BC
Who were the first two consuls of the republic?
Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus
What is the name of Collatinus’s wife who was raped by Tarquinius’s son, told the consuls, and then killed herself?
Lucretia
With whom did Tarquinius Superbus seek help after beign chased out of Rome?
The Etruscans
What is the name of the Etruscan king who fought the Romans in the early republic?
Lars Porsenna
What was the capital city of Etruria during the early republic?
Clusium
What man fought Etruscans at Sublician Bridge (Pons Sublicius)?
Horatius Cocles
What was Horatius Cocles also known as?
One-Eyed
What man tried to kill Porsenna, was captured, then thrust his right arm into a fire to prove his bravery, and was released because of this?
Gaius Mucius Scaevola
What nickname was given to Gaius Mucius Scaevola?
Lefty
What Roman girl held by Porsenna swam the Tiber to get back to Rome?
Cloelia
Who defeated the Volscian city of Corioli, was exiled from Rome, and then attacked Rome,but was only stopped by the pleas of his mother and wife?
Coriolanus
Who was the wife of Coriolanus?
Volumnia
Who was the mother of Coriolanus?
Veturia
Who was dictator in 458 BC?
Cincinnatus
For how many days was Cincinnatus dictator?
16
Who and where did Cincinnatus fight?
Aequi at Mount Algidus
What was the name of the laws codified by the decemviri?
12 Tables
Between what years were the 12 Tables written?
451 BC - 450 BC
Who led the decemviri?
Appius Claudius
Who defeated the Veii, was later exiled, then finally,when he helped rid Rome of Gauls, was called pater patriae?
Camillus
What major event occurred in 390 BC?
Gauls beat Rome at Allia River
Who was the Gallic chief at Allia River in 390 BC?
Brennus
What famous quote did Brennus say, and what does it translate to in English?
Vae Victis - “Woe to the conquered”
Name two notable Roman defeats during the 2nd Samnite War, and give the years they occurred.
Caudine Forks (321 BC) and Lautulae (315 BC)
What occurred in 312 BC?
Appius Claudius Caecus built the Appian Way and Aqua Appia
What was significant about Appius Claudius Caecus?
he was blind
What man in an act of devotion charged between his cavalry and the Gauls to his death?
Decius Mus
At what battle during what year did Decius Mus fight?
Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC
What man was the first to fight Rome with elephants?
Pyrrhus
Where was Pyrrhus king of?
Epirus (Greece)
What battle took place in 280 BC?
Heraclea
What Pyrrhic victory took place in 279 BC?
Asculum
What battle took place in 275 BC?
Beneventum
Who was the unbribable Roman ambassador who Pyrrhus attempted to bribe?
Fabricius
When did the First Punic War begin?
264 BC
What were Rome and Carthage fighting over?
Messana(Sicily)
What was the first battle of the First Punic War?
Battle of Agrigentum
When was the Battle of Agrigentum?
262 BC
What type of battle was the Battle of Agrigentum?
land battle
What occurred between 261 and 260 BC
Rome builds naval fleet
When was the Battle of Mylae?
260 BC
What was Rome’s first naval victory?
Mylae
What type of battle was the Battle of Mylae?
naval
What battle occurred in 256 BC?
Ecnomus
What kind of battle was Ecnomus?
naval victory
Who was admiral during the Battle of Mylae?
Duilius
Besides a battle, what occurred in 256 BC?
Regulus lands in Africa
When was the defeat of Regulus’s army?
255 BC
What does Rome Capture in 254 BC?
Panormus
What occurred in 250 BC?
Romans win at Panormus; siege of Lilybaeum
When did the First Punic War end?
241 BC
Who’s defeat occurred in 249 BC?
Claudius’s
Where was the naval defeat in 249 BC located?
Drepanum
What bad omen foresaw the naval defeat in 249 BC?
Claudius throws sacred chickens overboard
What occurred in 247 BC?
Hamilcar Barca starts Carthaginian offensive in western Sicily
What battle occurred in 241 BC?
Aegates Island(Roman naval victory)
What was Rome’s first province?
Sicily
What was Rome’s second province?
Corsica and Sardinia
What occurred in 237 BC?
Hamilcar to Spain
What occurred in 230 BC?
Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar in Spain
What occurred in 221 BC?
Hannibal succeeds Hasdrubal
What occurred in 219 BC?
Hannibal besieges Saguntum
When does the Second Punic War begin?
218 BC
When does the Second Punic War end?
201 BC
What battles occur in 218 BC?
Ticinus River and Trebia River(Rome loses both)
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
217 BC
What was the outcome of the Battle of Lake Trasimene?
Rome lost(compensated with a victory in a naval battle off the Ebro river)
What was the worst Roman defeat up until that point?
Battle of Canae
When was the Battle of Canae?
216 BC
Which consuls died at the Battle of Canae?
Varro and Paulus(Quintus Fabius Maximus Cunctator is made dictator)
What occurred in 211 BC?
Hannibal’s March on Rome and the defeat of the Scipios in Spain
What occurred in 209 BC?
Capture of New Carthage
What occurred in 208 BC?
Battle of Baecula
When was Hasdrubal defeated?
207 BC
Where was Hasdrubal defeated?
Metaurus River
What occurred in 206 BC
Battle of Ilipa
What occurred in 204 BC?
Scipio lands in Africa
When was the Battle of the Great Plains?
203 BC
Who beats who in the Battle of the Great Plains?
Scipio beats Syphax
Besides the Battle of the Great Plains, what occurred in 203 BC?
Hannibal recalled to Carthage
When was the Battle of Zama?
202 BC
Who beats who at the Battle of Zama?
Scipio beats Hannibal
What occurred in 201 BC?
peace treaty
What was the last battle of the Second Punic War?
Zama
When did the Third Punic War begin?
149 BC
Which orator finished each of his speeches with the same phrase until the year 149 BC, and what was that phrase?
Cato the Elder said, “Carthago delenda est” - Carthage must be destroyed
When was Carthage captured?
147 BC
Who captured Carthage?
Scipio Aemilianus
When was Carthage destroyed?
146 BC
What battle took place in 168 BC?
Battle of Pydna
Who beat who at the battle of Pydna?
Roman Aemilius Paulus defeats Perseus of Macedon
Who bequeathed Pergamum to Rome?
King Attalus III
What did King Attalus III bequeath to Rome?
Pergamum
What year did King Attalus III Pergamum to Rome?
133 BC
Who became tribune in 133 BC?
Tiberius Gracchus
Who became tribune in 121 BC
Gaius Gracchus
Who is the mother of the Gracchi Brothers?
Cornelia
What legislation did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to pass?
Agrarian (land) reform
What did the Gracchi Brothers’ mother call her sons?
her gems (gemmae)
The Gracchi brothers are the grandsons of which famous Roman?
Scipio Africanus
How many times did Marius serve as consul?
seven
Who did Marius defeat at Aqua Sexitae?
Teutones
Who did Marius defeat at Vercellae?
Cimbri
When and where did Marius fight the Teutones?
Aqua Sextiae in 102 BC
When and where did Marius fight the Cimbri?
Vercellae in 101 BC
Who were the two leaders during the Civil War?
Marius vs. Sulla
Who did Sulla fight for during the Civil War?
optimates
Who did Marius fight for during the Civil War?
populares
Between what years was Sulla dictator?
81 BC - 79 BC
When was the famous slave revolt?
73 BC - 71 BC
Who lead the famous slave revolt?
Spartacus
Who defeated Spartacus’ slave revolt?
Crassus (with a little help from Pompey)
Who were consuls in 70 BC?
Crassus and Pompey
What law was written in 67 BC?
Lex Gabinia
What did the Lex Gabinia do?
gave Pompey command over pirates in the Mediterranean
What law was written in 66 BC?
Lex Manilia
What did the Lex Manilia do?
gave Pompey command against Mithridates
Where was Mithridates king?
Pontus
Name the five major events that happened in 63 BC.
1) Octavian born; 2) Julius Caesar becomes Pontifex Maximus; 3) Cicero consul (with Antonius Hybrida); 4) conspiracy of Catiline; 5) Mithridates dies
When did the first triumvirate begin and who was in it?
60 BC with Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar
When was the second consulship of Crassus and Pompey?
55 BC
Who was consul in 52 BC?
Pompey sole consul
What event occurred in 52 BC?
Clodius is killed by Milo’s followers
What law was established in 43 BC?
Lex Titia
What did the Lex Titia do?
made the second triumvirate legal
Who were in the second triumvirate?
Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus
When was the battle of Actium?
31 BC
Who fought during the battle of Actium?
Octavian and Agrippa vs. Antony and Cleopatra
What was the aftermath of the battle of Actium?
Octavian wins. Octavian has only army in the Mediterranean
When was Caesar born?
July 12, 100 BC
What year was Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus?
63 BC
When did the first triumvirate begin?
60 BC
Who was in the first triumvirate?
Caesar, Crassus, and Pomey
When was Caesar’s first consulship?
59 BC
Who was the other consul in Caesar’s first consulship?
Bibulus
When was Caesar in Gaul and Britain?
58-50 BC
When was the Battle of Gergovia?
52 BC
Who was the Gaul’s chieftain during the Battle of Gergovia?
Vercingetorix
Who won the battle of Gergovia?
Vercingetorix
When was the Battle of Alesia?
52 BC
Who does Caesar defeat at the Battle of Alesia?
Vercingetorix
When did Caesar famously cross the Rubicon River?
49 BC
What did Caesar say while he famously crossed the Rubicon River, and what does it mean?
Alea iacta est - the die is cast
When was Caesar’s first dictatorship?
49 BC
When was Caesar’s second consulship?
48 BC
When was Caesar defeated by Pompey?
48 BC
Where was Caesar defeated by Pompey?
Dyrrhachium
Where does Caesar defeat Pompey?
Pharsalus
When does Caesar defeat Pompey?
48 BC
Where does Pompey flee to after being defeated?
Egypt, where Pompey is killed by Egyptians
When was the Battle of Zela?
47 BC
What occurred at the Battle of Zela?
Caesar beat king Pharnaces
What famous line came from the Battle of Zela?
veni, vidi, vici
What occurred in 46 BC?
Caesar was made dictator for ten years and Caesar won the Battle of Thapsus
What occurred in 45 BC?
Caesar defeats the sons of Pompey at Munda(Spain)
When was Caesar made dictator for life?
44 BC
When was Caesar killed?
March 15, 44 BC(Ides of March)
Who killed Caesar?
senators led by Brutus and Cassius
When was the second triumvirate?
43 BC
What law made the second triumvirate legal?
Lex Titia
Who were the members of the second triumvirate?
Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus
What occurred in 42 BC?
Antony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus at Philippi
On what day does the Empire begin?
January 16, 27 BC
What event begins the Empire?
Octavian returns power to the Senate, they name him Augustus
What provinces was Augustus given when he began?
Egypt, Gaul, and Syria
What was the first set of emperors called?
Julio-Claudian Emperors
Who was the first emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Augustus
Who was the second emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Tiberius
Who was the third emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Caligula
Who was the fourth emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Claudius
Who was the fifth emperor of the Julio-Claudians?
Nero
When did Augustus’ reign begin and end?
27 BC - AD 14
When did Tiberius’ reign begin and end?
AD 14 - AD 37
When did Caligula’s reign begin and end?
AD 37 - 41
When did Claudius’ reign begin and end?
AD 41 - 54
When did Nero’s reign begin and end?
AD 54 - 68
Name two of Augustus’ wives?
Scribonia and Livia
Who was the daughter of Scribonia and Augustus?
Julia
What phrase is used to depict how Augustus ruled?
Found Rome brick and left it marble
What was the aftermath of the battle that took place in AD 9?
Varus loses 3 legions in Germany
What battle took place in AD 9?
Teutoburg Forest
Who did the Romans have to face at Teutoburg Forest?
Arminius
What was the other name for Arminius?
Herman the German
Who Tiberius the son of?
Livia
Who did Tiberius marry?
Augustus’ daughter Julia
Who was Tiberius the uncle of?
Germanicus
Where was Tiberius in exile first to?
Rhodes
Where did Tiberius retire later in life?
Capri
What does the name “Caligula” mean?
little boots
Who is Caligula’s father?
Germanicus
How was Caligula killed?
Praetorian Guard
Who was Claudius’ brother?
Germanicus
How were Claudius and Caligula related?
Claudius was Caligula’s uncle
What “defects” did Claudius have?
a limp and a tic and pretended to be stupid
How did Claudius obtain the status of emperor?
the Praetorian Guard chose him
Name two women that Claudius married.
Messalina and Agrippina the Younger (Claudius’ niece)
Who did Claudius father with Messalina?
Brittanicus and Octavia
Who was the child of Agrippina the Younger?
Nero
What was Nero’s real name?
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
How was Nero related to Claudius?
Nero was the step son of Claudius
Who did Nero marry?
Claudius’ daughter Octavia
At what age was Nero made emperor?
around 16
Who were Nero’s tutors?
Seneca (stoic philosopher) and Burrus (military man)
What event occurred in AD 64?
The great fire
Who did Nero blame for the great fire?
Christians
What did the great fire enable Nero to do?
build the domus aurea (house of gold)
Who led the revolt in Britain during Nero’s reign?
Queen Boudicca
How did Nero die?
He committed suicide
who is mother in law of aggripina teh elder
antonia minor
who ruled at the fall of teh west
zeno
who started teh 40 year small peace of teh church
gallienus
what law of 5 ad
valeria cornelia
mother of valentinian 2
justinia
who is teh son of king nubel of mauretania
gildo
what kingdom did rome annex in 72 ad
commangene
who almost lost his kingdom in 6 ad
marobaduus
name 3 threats to aurelian
tetricus, zenobia, felicissimus
Who said the romans under domition made a wasteland
calgacus
who is teh new emporer during PTA’s reign
sponsianus
consul 125
fulvius flaccus - first to propose latin enfrancisement
who made fetiales
tullus hostillius
who replaced marius
valerious flaccus
who are teh 3 founders of rome
cammillus romulus marius
on what hill did teh albans settle
caelian
what tribune 149
L. calpurnius piso - established first permanent criminal court
what was teh last battle of teh selucid war
magnesia
who saved teh romans after by appius herdonius
tusculum
where did gaius trebonius seize after the death of ceaser
asia
who did marius associate with
metelli
where did julius ceaser put the statue of cleopatera
venus genetrix
name teh 3 of 4 urbanae established
collina, sucusana, palatina
what act published legis actiones and listed teh dies fasti and nefasti
Ius civile flavianum
why did hortensia speach against 2nd triumvirate
lex oppia’s restriction of female garishnous
