Roles Of Muscles

Question 1

What is the fixator muscle?

Answer 1

A muscle which is found at the origin of the agonist muscle and works with the agonist and antagonist to create a coordinated movement by stabilising the joint

Question 2

What is an agonist?

Answer 2

The main muscle which contracts to cause movement (prime mover)

Question 3

What is the antagonist?

Answer 3

The muscle which lengthens to act as a brake and control the movement (still under tension)

Question 4

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during flexion?

Answer 4

Agonist - Illipsoas
Antagonist- Gluteus Maximus
Eg. Tuck Jump

Question 5

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during extension?

Answer 5

Agonist - Gluteus maximus
Antagonist- Illipsoas
Eg. Preparing for a kick

Question 6

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during adduction?

Answer 6

Agonist- Adductor longus, brevis and Magnus
Antagonist- Gluteus Medius
Eg. Cartwheel

Question 7

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during abduction?

Answer 7

Agonist - Gluteus medius
Antagonist- Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Eg. Cartwheel

Question 8

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during lateral rotation?

Answer 8

Agonist- gluteus maximus
Antagonist- gluteus medius + minimus
Eg, Opening the gate/receiving a football

Question 9

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during medial rotation ?

Answer 9

Agonist - gluteus medius and minimus
Antagonist- gluteus maximus
Eg. Closing the gate

Question 10

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during flexion?

Answer 10

Agonist - anterior deltoid
Antagonist- posterior deltoid
Eg. Backstroke in swimming

Question 11

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during extension ?

Answer 11

Agonist- posterior deltoid
Antagonist - anterior deltoid
Eg. Front crawl in swimming

Question 12

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during abduction ?

Answer 12

Agonist- medial deltoid
Antagonist- latissimus Dorsi
Eg. Crucifix position in gymnastic rings

Question 13

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during adduction?

Answer 13

Agonist- Latissimus dorsi
Antagonist- medial deltoid
Eg. Pushing out of crucifix position

Question 14

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during horizontal flexion?

Answer 14

Agonist - Pectorals major
Antagonist- trapezius
Eg. Releasing the Discus

Question 15

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during horizontal extension?

Answer 15

Agonist - posterior deltoid and trapezius
Antagonist - pectorals major
Eg. Preparing to throw a discus

Question 16

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during medial rotation ?

Answer 16

Agonist - Teres major and subscapularis
Antagonist - Teres minor and infraspinatus
Eg. Top spin in tennis forehand

Question 17

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during lateral rotation ?

Answer 17

Agonist - Teres minor and infraspinatus
Antagonist- Teres major and subscapularis

Question 18

What movement is possible at a transverse plane?

Answer 18

Horizontal flexion and extension
Eg, Discus thrower

Question 19

What movement is possible at a frontal plane?

Answer 19

Abduction and adduction
Eg. Cartwheel

Question 20

What movement is possible at a sagital plane?

Answer 20

Flexion and extension, plantar flexion and dorsi flexion
Eg. Chest pass

Question 21

What’s an isotonic concentric muscle contraction?

Answer 21

The muscle shortens under tension to produce movement

Question 22

What’s an isotonic eccentric muscle contraction?

Answer 22

The muscle lengthens under tension to control joint movement

Question 23

What’s an isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 23

The muscle doesn’t change length under tension so stops joint movement

Question 24

Structural feature of slow oxidative muscle fibres?

Answer 24

Many mitochondria
Many capillaries
High myoglobin content ( combines with oxygen in the muscle cells so can be transported to mitochondria)
Few phosphocreatine stores
Low glycogen stores
Many Triglyceride stores

Question 25

Structural features of the fast oxidative glycolytic?

Answer 25

Moderate mitochondria Moderate capillaries Medium myoglobin content ( combines with oxygen in the muscle cells so can be transported to mitochondria) Intermediate phosphocreatine stores Intermediate glycogen stores Intermediate Triglyceride stores

Question 26

Structural features of the fast glycolytic muscle fibres?

Answer 26

Large mitochondria Few capillaries Low myoglobin content ( combines with oxygen in the muscle cells so can be transported to mitochondria) High phosphocreatine stores High glycogen stores Few Triglyceride stores

Question 27

Functional characteristics of slow oxidative muscle fibres?

Answer 27

Slow speed of contraction Low force of contraction High fatigue resistance High aerobic capacity Low anaerobic capacity Eg. Marathon runner

Question 28

Functional characteristics of fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres?

Answer 28

Fast speed of contraction High force of contraction Moderate fatigue resistance Moderate aerobic capacity Moderate anaerobic capacity Eg. 800m/15000m

Question 29

Functional characteristics of fast glycolytic muscle fibres?

Answer 29

Fastest speed of contraction Explosive force of contraction Low fatigue resistance Low aerobic capacity High anaerobic capacity Eg. 100m sprint

Question 30

Where do isometric contractions occur most commonly?

Answer 30

Fixator muscles