Roles Of Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fixator muscle?

A

A muscle which is found at the origin of the agonist muscle and works with the agonist and antagonist to create a coordinated movement by stabilising the joint

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2
Q

What is an agonist?

A

The main muscle which contracts to cause movement (prime mover)

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3
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

The muscle which lengthens to act as a brake and control the movement (still under tension)

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4
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during flexion?

A

Agonist - Illipsoas
Antagonist- Gluteus Maximus
Eg. Tuck Jump

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5
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during extension?

A

Agonist - Gluteus maximus
Antagonist- Illipsoas
Eg. Preparing for a kick

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6
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during adduction?

A

Agonist- Adductor longus, brevis and Magnus
Antagonist- Gluteus Medius
Eg. Cartwheel

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7
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during abduction?

A

Agonist - Gluteus medius
Antagonist- Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Eg. Cartwheel

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8
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during lateral rotation?

A

Agonist- gluteus maximus
Antagonist- gluteus medius + minimus
Eg, Opening the gate/receiving a football

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9
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the hip during medial rotation ?

A

Agonist - gluteus medius and minimus
Antagonist- gluteus maximus
Eg. Closing the gate

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10
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during flexion?

A

Agonist - anterior deltoid
Antagonist- posterior deltoid
Eg. Backstroke in swimming

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11
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during extension ?

A

Agonist- posterior deltoid
Antagonist - anterior deltoid
Eg. Front crawl in swimming

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12
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during abduction ?

A

Agonist- medial deltoid
Antagonist- latissimus Dorsi
Eg. Crucifix position in gymnastic rings

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13
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during adduction?

A

Agonist- Latissimus dorsi
Antagonist- medial deltoid
Eg. Pushing out of crucifix position

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14
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during horizontal flexion?

A

Agonist - Pectorals major
Antagonist- trapezius
Eg. Releasing the Discus

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15
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during horizontal extension?

A

Agonist - posterior deltoid and trapezius
Antagonist - pectorals major
Eg. Preparing to throw a discus

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16
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during medial rotation ?

A

Agonist - Teres major and subscapularis
Antagonist - Teres minor and infraspinatus
Eg. Top spin in tennis forehand

17
Q

What is the agonist and antagonist at the shoulder during lateral rotation ?

A

Agonist - Teres minor and infraspinatus
Antagonist- Teres major and subscapularis

18
Q

What movement is possible at a transverse plane?

A

Horizontal flexion and extension
Eg, Discus thrower

19
Q

What movement is possible at a frontal plane?

A

Abduction and adduction
Eg. Cartwheel

20
Q

What movement is possible at a sagital plane?

A

Flexion and extension, plantar flexion and dorsi flexion
Eg. Chest pass

21
Q

What’s an isotonic concentric muscle contraction?

A

The muscle shortens under tension to produce movement

22
Q

What’s an isotonic eccentric muscle contraction?

A

The muscle lengthens under tension to control joint movement

23
Q

What’s an isometric muscle contraction?

A

The muscle doesn’t change length under tension so stops joint movement

24
Q

Structural feature of slow oxidative muscle fibres?

A

Many mitochondria
Many capillaries
High myoglobin content ( combines with oxygen in the muscle cells so can be transported to mitochondria)
Few phosphocreatine stores
Low glycogen stores
Many Triglyceride stores

25
Structural features of the fast oxidative glycolytic?
Moderate mitochondria Moderate capillaries Medium myoglobin content ( combines with oxygen in the muscle cells so can be transported to mitochondria) Intermediate phosphocreatine stores Intermediate glycogen stores Intermediate Triglyceride stores
26
Structural features of the fast glycolytic muscle fibres?
Large mitochondria Few capillaries Low myoglobin content ( combines with oxygen in the muscle cells so can be transported to mitochondria) High phosphocreatine stores High glycogen stores Few Triglyceride stores
27
Functional characteristics of slow oxidative muscle fibres?
Slow speed of contraction Low force of contraction High fatigue resistance High aerobic capacity Low anaerobic capacity Eg. Marathon runner
28
Functional characteristics of fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres?
Fast speed of contraction High force of contraction Moderate fatigue resistance Moderate aerobic capacity Moderate anaerobic capacity Eg. 800m/15000m
29
Functional characteristics of fast glycolytic muscle fibres?
Fastest speed of contraction Explosive force of contraction Low fatigue resistance Low aerobic capacity High anaerobic capacity Eg. 100m sprint
30
Where do isometric contractions occur most commonly?
Fixator muscles