Role of Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamin A does not exist as such in plants, but is present as precursors or pro-vitamin including a,b and g carotenes, cryptoxanthine, and mycoxanthin. Which of these occur in blue green algae?
mycoxanthin
Vitamin A does not exist as such in plants, but is present as precursors or pro-vitamin including a,b and g carotenes, cryptoxanthine, and mycoxanthin. Which of these is the most widely distributed and most active?
Provitamin ß- carotene
What vitamin is helpful in the transmission of light stimuli from the eye to the brain?
vitamin A
Lack of this vitamin in the diet causing keratosis of the skin (dryness and roughness of skin). A keratosis especially of the hair follicles is a prominent feature
Vitamin A
In the eyes, there are protein receptors. Rods are concerned with vision in dim light while the _______ are concerned with bright light and color vision.
cones
cyanopsin are present in meanwhile rhodopsin and porphyropsin are present in?
rod
Cyanopsin are present cones. What are the two specific protein present in rod?
rhodopsin and porphyropsin
Diet deficient in Vitamin A causing impaired rhodopsin formation which make unable to see in dim light.
Night Blindness
Cattle with prolonged eye symptoms leading to excessive watering, softening and cloudiness of the cornea. Characterized by a drying of the conjunctiva.
xerophthalmia
Excess of this vitamin causes hypervitaminosis in the body resulting in diseases of the nervous system, bone diseases, abnormalities and vomiting. The most characteristic signs of hypervitaminosis are skeletal malformations, spontaneous fracture,
internal hemorrhage, degenerative atrophy and fatty infiltration of liver.
Vitamin A
Two most important of vitamin D are D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (Cholecalciferol).
Cholecalciferol is derived from 7-dehydrocholesterol meanwhile ergocalciferol is produced from?
ergosterol, which occurs in plants
What is the main power that converts provitamin to Vitamin D?
UV light
Skeletal deformities characterized by enlarged junction between bone and cartilages,
curvature of the bones, tendency to drag hind legs, beaded ribs, deformed thorax and weakening of muscular tissue and susceptibility to infection. Young animals most susceptible.
ricket
Young animals develops ricket and retarded growth due to vitamin d deficiency, meanwhile in older animals deficiency causes ______, where there is reabsorption of bone calcium already laid down.
osteomalacia
causes the bone and beak to become soft and rubbery, growth is usually retarded and the legs may become bowed, ruffled feathers. Egg production is reduced and egg quality deteriorates.
lack of vitamin d
In swine, deficiency of _______ causes poor growth, stiffness, lameness and stilted gait,
softness of bones, bone deformities, unthriftiness, enlargement and erosion of joints.
vitamin D
chemical name of vitamin A1
retinol
chemical name of vitamin A2
dehydroretinol
chemical name of vitamin D2
ergocalciferol
chemical name of vitamin D3
cholecalciferol
chemical name of vitamin E
tocopherol
chemical name of vitamin K1
phylloquinone
chemical name of vitamin K2
menaquinone
chemical name of vitamin K3
menadione
It is caused by lack of Vitamin E in cattle affecting the skeletal muscles, which is manifested by difficulty in standing, trembling and staggering gait.
Nutritional myopathy (muscular dystrophy)
Nutritional myopathy in lambs is called ______, which the animals are unable to rise and weakness of the neck muscles prevents them from raising their heads.
stiff lamb disease (white muscle disease)
In pigs vitamin E deficiency diseases are myopathy and cardiac disease known as?
mulberry heart disease (hemorrhagic lesions within the heart that gives characteristic ‘mulberry’ appearance)
In pigs vitamin E deficiency diseases are myopathy and cardiac disease known as?
mulberry heart disease (hemorrhagic lesions within the heart that gives characteristic ‘mulberry’ appearance)
Another term for nutritional encephalomalacia, characterized by ataxia, head retraction and cycling with legs in poultry caused by vitamin E deficiency.
Crazy chick disease
This fat soluble vitamin is nontoxic even at higher doses.
Vitamin E
exudative diathesis, nutritional encephalomalacia (Crazy chick disease), and muscular atrophy are deficiency of vitamin e in what animals?
poultry
Vitamin K is for the Danish word?
coagulation
vitamin K is necessary for the formation of ________, important intermediate of the blood clotting process
prothrombin
The symptom of vitamin __ deficiency in chicks is a delayed clotting time of the blood; birds are easily injured and may bleed to death. Chicks show anemia, which in part may be due to loss of blood or to the development of a hypoplastic bone marrow.
K
What is the only member of the water-soluble groups that is not a member of the B family and its functions and characteristics are different from the B complex vitamins?
Vitamin C
chemical name of vitamin B1
thiamin
chemical name of vitamin B2
riboflavin
chemical name of niacin
nicotinamide
chemical name of vitamin B6
pyridoxine
chemical name of vitamin B12
cyanocobalamin
chemical name of vitamin c
ascorbic acid
Considered to be the oldest vitamin. Deficiency of this causes beriberi in man which is earliest documented deficiency disorder.
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
Characterized by numbness of the legs, later with pain in muscles, severe exhaustion, finally
emaciation and paralysis. The patients have difficulty in breathing, there is an abnormal
enlargement of the right side of the heart and decrease in the rate of the heartbeat. The most
characteristics feature of the disease is the so-called peripheral neuritis
beriberi disease
Deficiency causes slow growth and develops “curled toe paralysis” a specific symptom,
caused by peripheral nerve degeneration, in which the chicks walk on their hocks with toe
curled inwards.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
condition in which the down feathers continue to grow inside the follicle, resulting in a coiled feather (caused by vitamin B2 deficiency)
clubbed down
The deficiency of vitamin causes “black tongue” characterized by inflammation of the mouth and the upper part of the esophagus in poultry.
niacin (nicotinamide)
In swine niacin deficiency is known as _____ the disease is characterized by
poor growth, poor hair and skin condition, occasional vomiting and diarrhea.
pig pellagra
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) exists in three forms
pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine
causes acute convulsion, flatter on the pen, usually start kicking, a characteristic pasture with wings slightly spread and head resting on ground and generally die
pyridoxine deficiency
causes goose stepping gait, a typical nerve disease that is characterized by movement of hind leg become stiff and
jerky, exaggerated legs
pantothenic acid
first described as the factor protective against” egg white injury”
biotin
disease associated with vitamin c
scurvy
lack of this vitamin causes reduced resistance to
infection
vitamin c
Poor growth, scaly skin,
‘goose-stepping’ in pigs
pantothenic acid
Poor growth, fatty liver, perosis
choline
deficiency causes blindness
vitamin a
