Role of Lipids Flashcards
Fat contains 77% carbon, 12% hydrogen and 11 percent of?
oxygen
one gram of fat after complete oxidation produces?
9.3 kcal heat
Three fatty acid are considered to be essential for farm animals, except?
oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic acids
oleic acid
defined as the milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to saponify 1 gram of fat
saponification number
defined as the milligram of KOH required to
combine with the acetic acid liberated by the saponification of one gram of acetylated fat
acetyl number
the milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the free fatty acids present in 1 gram of fat
acid number
defined as the number of me. of decinormal
alkali required to neutralize the steam volatile fatty acid from 5 g of fat
Reichert- Meissl number (R.M. Value)
number of milliliters of 0.1 N KOH required to neutralize the insoluble fatty acids obtained from 5 gram of fat
polenske number
caused by the micro-organism in the fat in which short chain fatty acids are hydrolysed into malodourous fatty acids
hydrolytic rancidity
They are defined as the esters of higher fatty acids and of higher monohydroxy alcohol. They are found in numerous reactions in plants, animals and microorganism where they form a protective covering and are present in oily secretion.
waxes
This insect wax is a complex mixture of ester, some fatty acids, alcohols and hydroxarbons. It contains mainly the myricyl palmitate as the ester.
beeswax
material forms a protective coating over the wool fibres and is a wax rather than fat
lanolin or wool fat
If lecithin has a nitrogenous base of choline, cephalin has?
ethanolamine
Lecithin has choline;
Cephalin has ethanolamine; and
Phosphatidyl serine has what nitrogenous base?
serine
These compounds are found in nervous tissue and differ from phosphoglycerides in the nature of nitrogenous base components and lack of glycerol.
Phosphosphinosides (sphingomyelins)
These compounds on hydrolysis yield glycerol, fatty acid, inositol and phosphate.
phosphoinositide
what compounds occur most commonly in nerve tissues?
glycolipids
these are lipids which on hydrolysis give the products of simple and compound lipids and additional other compounds such as steroids, fatty aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, essential oils and hydrocarbons
derived lipids
a derived lipid which include such biologically important compounds as the sterols, the
bile acids, the adrenal hormones and sex hormones
steroids
Sterols are classified into three groups based on origin. If phytosterol is from plants, zoosterols are from animals, mycosterol is from?
fungi
It is a phytosterol widely distributed in brown algae, bacteria and higher plants. It is important as the precursor of ergocalciferol or vitamin D2
Ergosterol
important in the duodenum where they aid the emulsification of fats and the activation of lipase
bile acid
These include male sex hormone (androgens), and female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) as well as cortisol, aldosterone and corticosterone which are produced by the adrenal cortex.
steroid hormones
found in plants have strong characteristic odours and flavours and are components of essential oils such as lemon or camphor oil
terpenes
refers to the dispersion of lipids in small droplets
emulsification
What are the two temporary compounds formed during lipid absorption?
micelles and chylomicrons
What are the three processes lipids undergo in the rumen?
hydrolysis, biohydrogenation, and conjugated fatty acid formation
