History of Animal Nutrition pt.2 Flashcards
Anything that promotes growth or development.
Nutriment
involves various chemical reactions and physiological processes, which transform foods into body tissues and activities
Nutrition
Science of nourishment of animals.
Animal Nutrition
Nutritional Status
Nutriture
Contains little amount of crude fiber and more than 60 percent total digestible nutrient.
Concentrate
Poor quality feeds containing lesser amount of total digestible
Forage Roughage
The chemical substances found in the feed materials are necessary for the maintenance, production and health of animals.
Nutrient
state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity as defined by World Health Organization
Health
Substances that promote growth and participate in repairing tissues of the body.
Nutritious
A specialist in the problems of nutrition.
Nutritionist
To feed an animal with substance necessary for life and growth.
Nourish
Food of animals comprising any naturally occurring ingredient or
material fed to animals for the purpose of sustaining growth and development.
feed (feed stuff)
A regulated selection of a feed ingredient or mixture of ingredients including water, which is consumed by animals on a prescribed schedule.
Diet
feed items that a mixture is made of
Ingredients
An ingredient or a combination of ingredients added to the basic feed
mixture for specific purposes like to increase feed ingestion or to alter metabolism
Additives
A fixed amount of feed for one animal, fed for a definite period, usually for a 24 hour period.
Ration
The ration which provide an animal with the proper amount,
proportion and variety of all the required nutrients to keep the animal in its form to perform best in respect of production and health.
Balanced Ration
A single feed mixture, which has all of the dietary essentials
Complete Ration
A mixture of the known essential dietary nutrients in a pure form that is
fed to experimental animals in nutrition studies.
Purified Diet
to add one or more nutrients to a feed
Fortify
The essential amino acid of protein that shows the greatest
percentage deficit in comparison with the amino acids contained in the same quantity of another protein selected as standard.
Limiting Amino Acid
pericarp or seed coat of grain removed during processing
Bran
Grain from which hulls have been removed.
Groat
protein of low biological value present in maize
Zein
Zein is deficient in what protein and amino acid?
Lysine and tryptophane
Aerial parts with ears, with husks or heads.
Fodder
Thick solid stem and aerial parts without ears, husks or heads.
Stover
Outer covering of beans, peas, cotton seeds.
Hull
Dry outer covering of grains
Husk
Hard outer covering of nuts
Shells
What is corn cobs?
product after the removal of corn grains
It is a tender stemmed leafy plant material obtained by drying in the sun or in the shade.
Hay
How much moisture does hay contain?
not more than 12-14 percent
by-product of any cereal, millet or legume crop left over after
harvesting, threshing and removal of the grains or pulses
straw
fibrous material left over in the sugar factories after extraction of all
the juice from sugar cane
bagasse
A tough viscid, nitrogenous substance from what is left when flour is washed to remove starch.
Gluten
What is germ?
An embryo of any seed.
Feed ingredients of which the particle size is larger than flour.
Meal
by-product of flour milling consisting of a mixture of small particles of bran and germ, the aleurone layer and coarse fibre
Shorts
The radical of the embryo of the grain removed from sprouted and
steamed whole grain.
Malt Sprouts
In what process is malt sprouts obtained?
Liquor Processing
By product of milling spring wheat
Red Dog
Red dog primarily consists of what?
aleurone with small amounts of flour and fine bran particles
constitutes a large number of the active principles of plants and
all possess a powerful physiological action.
Alkaloid
harmless but capable of stimulating the formation of antibodies.
Anatoxin
It inhibits fermentation.
Antizymotic
deficiency or lack of a vitamin in the food
Avitaminosis
percentage of digestible organic matter in the dry matter of the feed
D-value
describes the digestibility of animal feed
D-value
pertaining to biological experiments performed in test tubes or other laboratory vessels
In vitro
pertaining to the laboratory testing of agents within living organisms
In vivo
Liquid waste from an abattoir or slurry
Effluent
What is gavage?
Feeding an animal by means of a stomach tube.
The gain in weight in Kg or lb, produced by one Kg or one lb of feed.
Feed Conversion Efficiency
The amount of feed in Kg or lb necessary to produce one Kg or one lb of weight gain.
Feed Conversion Ratio
unit of measurement used for calculating the amount of energy produced by various foods
Calorie
complex nitrogenous organic chemical compounds specially made
up of C,H, 0, N and a large but fairly constant amount of nitrogen
Protein
A substance is ashed to the extent that there is no black particle left, the remaining portion is called mineral or ash.
Mineral or Ash or Inorganic element
Certain substances that do not contain protein but are rich in nitrogen content
Non-protein Nitrogenous compounds
Urea, amides and ammonium salt are examples of what?
Non-protein Nitrogenous compounds
Poor quality feeds containing lesser amount of total digestible nutrients (TDN) or more than 35 percent cell wall constituents and more than 18 percent of crude fibre (CF).
Forage Roughage
alter the microflora of the host intestine and by that exert beneficial health effects on the host
Probiotics
A semi-air tight structure designed for use in production and storage of silage.
Silo
