Digestive Tract Physiology Flashcards
It includes horses, rabbit, guinea pig, zebra, elephant and hippopotamus.
Non-Ruminant Herbivores
Give the three groups of Non-ruminant Herbivores.
foregut fermenters, colon fermenters and cecal fermenters
What allows the cattle to harvest and chew a large amount of fibrous
feeds?
gap between the incisors of molars
primarily for grinding
teeth
used to gather and grasp grasses
tongue
What keep rumen at a proper neutral pH for good bacterial growth?
Sodium bicarbonate
A fermentation vat that contains an immense microbial population of bacteria (protozoa, fungi and yeast) that ferment the ingested feeds.
Rumen
Traps foreign materials such as nails, wire and stones, which accumulate in this compartment that eventually punctures the
small intestine
Reticulum
administered orally to trap and hold metallic objects for preventive measures/treatment
Also known fermentation end products
VFAs (acetic, butyric, and propionic acids)
produces large quantities of gasses mainly carbon dioxide
and methane
Rumen
Large quantities of gasses mainly carbon dioxide and methane are removed in what process?
Eructation
What happens to a cow if it fails to eructate?
Bloat(s)
Give reasons why a ruminant fails to eructate.
a. rapid change in feed
b. overeating of grains (gaseous bloat)
c. grazing on pastures on pure stands of clover of alfalfa (frothy bloat)
known as “chewing the cud”
Rumination
Regulates flow of ingested by acting as a sieve or filter thru its
membranous leaves.
Omasum
In order to pass thru the omasal leaves thereby promoting maximum fermentation efficiency the ingested feed must be?
thoroughly degraded to smaller particles
Where do the ingested feeds pass for fermentation efficiency?
Omasal leaves
Site of secretion of gastric juices such as HCl and proteolytic enzymes.
Abomasum
Acidity in this compartment allows digestion of microbial protein, which serves as the major source of amino acids for ruminants.
Abomasum
Cellulose is a major constituent of plant fiber. During fermentation in the Rumen, what enzyme degrades cellulose?
Cellulase
Through (…….) ruminants can utilize roughages, forages and other fibrous feeds.
Fermentation
TRUE OR FALSE.
Ruminants cannot be fed poor quality proteins because it can’t be upgraded by rumen fermentation.
False. Ruminants can be fed poor quality proteins because they are upgraded by rumen fermentation to microbial protein.
What vitamin is synthesized when the animal is exposed to
sunlight?
Vitamin D
TRUE OR FALSE.
Rumen microbes can also synthesize vitamins.
True.
Give the three processes important in digestion.
mechanical, chemical, microbial
It includes swine, poultry, dogs, cats, rats, and humans which have pouch-like monogastric animals.
Simple Non-Ruminants
It is secreted into the stomach that kills most of the bacteria ingested with feed.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
When starch is hydrolyzed by the enzyme amylase, what are the two products of digestion?
Maltose and Glucose
What enzyme hydrolyzes Lipids?
Lipase
What is the enzyme that coagulates milk proteins?
Rennin
This part of the digestive system of a simple non-ruminant serves as a major source of digestive enzymes.
Pancreas
Stores ingested feed and meters ingesta into small intestine in amounts that intestinal digestion can accomodate.
The bacterial growth in hindgut results in synthesis of what vitamin?
B-complex
In the avian digestive system, the muscular part performs functions of the mammalian teeth.
Gizzard
The part of the stomach where Hardware Disease occurs.
Reticulum
