Role of Technology in Physical Activity and Sport

Question 1

What is research?

Answer 1

A systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge.

Question 2

What is sports analytics?

Answer 2

Studying data from sports performance to try to improve performance.

Question 3

What is quantitative data?

Answer 3

Data that can be written down or measure precisely and numerically.

Question 4

What is qualitative data?

Answer 4

Data that is descriptive and looks at the way people think or feel.

Question 5

What is an example of quantitative data being used to prove a hypothesis?

Answer 5

. on a numerical scale; could compare the relative effect of different environments on exercisers’ moods: cycle trails in woodland areas vs urban trails.

Question 6

What is an example of qualitative data?

Answer 6

Interviews with players with sports psychologist determining the feelings and anxiety.

Question 7

What is objective data?

Answer 7

Fact-based information which is measurable and usable

Question 8

What is subjective data?

Answer 8

Based on personal opinion, which is less measurable and often less usable.

Question 9

What is an example of objective data?

Answer 9

The level achieved on the multi stage fitness test

Question 10

What is an example of subjective data?

Answer 10

When a parent gives their child their opinion on the match so far at half time.

Question 11

What is validity?

Answer 11

An indication of whether the data collected actually measures what it claims to measures.

Question 12

What is reliability?

Answer 12

Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time.

Question 13

Explain quantitative reliability?

Answer 13

Researchers complete the same test on an individual a number of times getting the same/similar results and so methods must be correct.

Question 14

Explain qualitative reliability?

Answer 14

Researchers placing results/observations/responses into same or similar categories so opinions don’t change.

Question 15

What is video motion analysis?

Answer 15

A technique used to get information about moving objects from video.

Question 16

What two types of video motion analysis exist?

Answer 16

. Notational match analysis

. Biomechanics

Question 17

What is notational match analysis? and give example

Answer 17

Records aspects of individual or team performance

e.g. prozone (completed passes, distance covered, shots on target)

Question 18

What is biomechanic video analysis? and give example

Answer 18

Analyses the sporting impact of body movements

e.g dartfish

Question 19

When is video analysis used?

Answer 19

. During performance to quickly fix weaknesses
. After performance to improve
. Before performance to pick out opponent weakness
. During training to iron out weaknesses

Question 20

What is performance analysis and why is it important?

Answer 20

The provision of objective feedback to performers trying to get a positive change in performance.
Performers can only remember 30% of their performance.

Question 21

What is a metabolic cart?

Answer 21

A device that works by attaching headgear to a subject while the person breathes a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time.

Question 22

What is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 22

The measurement of the amount of heat and energy generated in an oxidation reaction.

Question 23

How is indirect calorimetry measured?

Answer 23

Headgear from the cart is attached while they breathe for a specific amount of time. The gas flows are then converted to a heat equivalent.

Question 24

What does indirect calorimetry measure?

Answer 24

.Oxygen and c02 concentrations

. Inspiration and expiration volumes

Question 25

The results of the indirect calorimetry test are given as a?

Answer 25

Resting energy expenditure (REE)

Question 26

What is the Resting energy expenditure (REE)?

Answer 26

The amount of energy, usually expressed as kcal, required for a 24 hour period by the body during rest.

Question 27

How can indirect calorimetry help performers?

Answer 27

. Determine energy requirements and response to nutrition over time.
. Calculable energy expenditure
. REE determines dietary requirements

Question 28

What could go wrong with indirect calorimetry?

Answer 28

. Air leaks
. Recording errors
. Difficult to use on children
. Only gives a snapshot rather than an average

Question 29

Why are GPS and tracking systems useful for coaches and athletes?

Answer 29

Useful to track speed, distance and direction.

Question 30

What can GPS and tracking systems be used for?

Answer 30

. Rehab from injury
. To test fatigue
. Make training more specific to individuals
. Improves tactical analysis for a club
. Helps to compare individuals
. Helps with scouting

Question 31

What is data integrity?

Answer 31

Maintaining and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of stored data over its entire lifetime.

Question 32

How can data integrity be compromised?

Answer 32

. Human error
. Errors when transferring data between devices
. Viruses

Question 33

How can threats to data integrity be minimised?

Answer 33

. Regularly back up data
. Securing mechanisms to protect data
. Using error detection when transmitting data
. Taking care when entering data

Question 34

What can be used to monitor fitness at low and high levels of performance?

Answer 34

Smart watches.

Question 35

What is vibration technology?

Answer 35

A technique used to help with injury rehab and prevention.

Question 36

What positives can vibration technology bring ?

Answer 36

. Improving bone density
. Improve circulation
. Reduces joint pain
. Overall reduction in pain/DOMS

Question 37

What is electrosimulation?

Answer 37

The production of muscle contraction using electrical impulses

Question 38

How can electrosimulation help?

Answer 38

. Strengthening and toning muscles
. Helping get rid of lactic acid
. Prevents losses in fitness levels

Question 39

What two groups of people have benefited from technological developments?

Answer 39

Elderly and disabled

Question 40

How has technology improved elderly and disabled participation?

Answer 40

. Finger extension exerciser- aids hand and wist movements
. Low impact pedal exercise machine- maintains muscle tone and stimulates circulation
. Exercise balance beam- improves balance
. Technologically advanced wheelchair design
. Prosthetic design

Question 41

What is Places People Play?

Answer 41

A Sport England initiative to increase participation by providing sports facilities for the local community.

Question 42

What facilities have Places People Play developed?

Answer 42

. 3G/4G astro turf facilities
. Multi-Use Games Areas (MUGAS)
. Specialist facilities

Question 43

What are the potential benefits of technology for a sports performer?

Answer 43

. Improved clothing- skeleton
. Improved equipment- footballs
. Improved protective equipment- cricket helmets
. Improved recover techniques- compression clothing
. Improving injury recovery and rehabilitation- exercise pools
. Knowledge of diets- energy drinks and carbo-loading
. Drug testing advancements- eliminating cheating

Question 44

What disadvantages can technology have on the performer?

Answer 44

. Cost. Equipment very expensive
. Can lead to over aggression with protecting equipment means other players are dehumanised
. Can lead to cheating as tech can be used to mask illegal enhancements

Question 45

What are the possible negative implications of using technology in sport?

Answer 45

. Data can be misleading- less metres ran in a defensive performance
. Can be expensive so inequalities might exist in terms of access to equipment
. Reliance on data and removing creative thinking from coaches

Question 46

Advantages of technology for the spectator/audience?

Answer 46

. Officials are mic’d up and in some sports the audience can hear (Rugby union)
. Audiences can watch replays or slow motion on big screen (rugby, tennis, football)
. Hawkeye tension adds excitement to tennis
. Technology helps officials to make descisions