Role of Technology in Physical Activity and Sport Flashcards
What is research?
A systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge.
What is sports analytics?
Studying data from sports performance to try to improve performance.
What is quantitative data?
Data that can be written down or measure precisely and numerically.
What is qualitative data?
Data that is descriptive and looks at the way people think or feel.
What is an example of quantitative data being used to prove a hypothesis?
. on a numerical scale; could compare the relative effect of different environments on exercisers’ moods: cycle trails in woodland areas vs urban trails.
What is an example of qualitative data?
Interviews with players with sports psychologist determining the feelings and anxiety.
What is objective data?
Fact-based information which is measurable and usable
What is subjective data?
Based on personal opinion, which is less measurable and often less usable.
What is an example of objective data?
The level achieved on the multi stage fitness test
What is an example of subjective data?
When a parent gives their child their opinion on the match so far at half time.
What is validity?
An indication of whether the data collected actually measures what it claims to measures.
What is reliability?
Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time.
Explain quantitative reliability?
Researchers complete the same test on an individual a number of times getting the same/similar results and so methods must be correct.
Explain qualitative reliability?
Researchers placing results/observations/responses into same or similar categories so opinions don’t change.
What is video motion analysis?
A technique used to get information about moving objects from video.
What two types of video motion analysis exist?
. Notational match analysis
. Biomechanics
What is notational match analysis? and give example
Records aspects of individual or team performance
e.g. prozone (completed passes, distance covered, shots on target)
What is biomechanic video analysis? and give example
Analyses the sporting impact of body movements
e.g dartfish
When is video analysis used?
. During performance to quickly fix weaknesses
. After performance to improve
. Before performance to pick out opponent weakness
. During training to iron out weaknesses
What is performance analysis and why is it important?
The provision of objective feedback to performers trying to get a positive change in performance.
Performers can only remember 30% of their performance.
What is a metabolic cart?
A device that works by attaching headgear to a subject while the person breathes a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time.
What is indirect calorimetry?
The measurement of the amount of heat and energy generated in an oxidation reaction.
How is indirect calorimetry measured?
Headgear from the cart is attached while they breathe for a specific amount of time. The gas flows are then converted to a heat equivalent.
What does indirect calorimetry measure?
.Oxygen and c02 concentrations
. Inspiration and expiration volumes
The results of the indirect calorimetry test are given as a?
Resting energy expenditure (REE)
What is the Resting energy expenditure (REE)?
The amount of energy, usually expressed as kcal, required for a 24 hour period by the body during rest.
How can indirect calorimetry help performers?
. Determine energy requirements and response to nutrition over time.
. Calculable energy expenditure
. REE determines dietary requirements
What could go wrong with indirect calorimetry?
. Air leaks
. Recording errors
. Difficult to use on children
. Only gives a snapshot rather than an average
Why are GPS and tracking systems useful for coaches and athletes?
Useful to track speed, distance and direction.
What can GPS and tracking systems be used for?
. Rehab from injury . To test fatigue . Make training more specific to individuals . Improves tactical analysis for a club . Helps to compare individuals . Helps with scouting
What is data integrity?
Maintaining and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of stored data over its entire lifetime.
How can data integrity be compromised?
. Human error
. Errors when transferring data between devices
. Viruses
How can threats to data integrity be minimised?
. Regularly back up data
. Securing mechanisms to protect data
. Using error detection when transmitting data
. Taking care when entering data
What can be used to monitor fitness at low and high levels of performance?
Smart watches.
What is vibration technology?
A technique used to help with injury rehab and prevention.
What positives can vibration technology bring ?
. Improving bone density
. Improve circulation
. Reduces joint pain
. Overall reduction in pain/DOMS
What is electrosimulation?
The production of muscle contraction using electrical impulses
How can electrosimulation help?
. Strengthening and toning muscles
. Helping get rid of lactic acid
. Prevents losses in fitness levels
What two groups of people have benefited from technological developments?
Elderly and disabled
How has technology improved elderly and disabled participation?
. Finger extension exerciser- aids hand and wist movements
. Low impact pedal exercise machine- maintains muscle tone and stimulates circulation
. Exercise balance beam- improves balance
. Technologically advanced wheelchair design
. Prosthetic design
What is Places People Play?
A Sport England initiative to increase participation by providing sports facilities for the local community.
What facilities have Places People Play developed?
. 3G/4G astro turf facilities
. Multi-Use Games Areas (MUGAS)
. Specialist facilities
What are the potential benefits of technology for a sports performer?
. Improved clothing- skeleton
. Improved equipment- footballs
. Improved protective equipment- cricket helmets
. Improved recover techniques- compression clothing
. Improving injury recovery and rehabilitation- exercise pools
. Knowledge of diets- energy drinks and carbo-loading
. Drug testing advancements- eliminating cheating
What disadvantages can technology have on the performer?
. Cost. Equipment very expensive
. Can lead to over aggression with protecting equipment means other players are dehumanised
. Can lead to cheating as tech can be used to mask illegal enhancements
What are the possible negative implications of using technology in sport?
. Data can be misleading- less metres ran in a defensive performance
. Can be expensive so inequalities might exist in terms of access to equipment
. Reliance on data and removing creative thinking from coaches
Advantages of technology for the spectator/audience?
. Officials are mic’d up and in some sports the audience can hear (Rugby union)
. Audiences can watch replays or slow motion on big screen (rugby, tennis, football)
. Hawkeye tension adds excitement to tennis
. Technology helps officials to make descisions
