Impact Of Sport On Society (P1) Flashcards
What are the two main concerns of sociology?
- examining interactions and interdependence, eg the way people live in groups within society and therefore interact with others throughout their everyday lives
- examining how human behaviour becomes controlled eg via family members, friends, schools etc
What is the definition of society?
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest
What is the definition of socialisation?
A lifelong process where members of a society learn it’s norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society
What is the definition of primary and secondary socialisation?
Primary- socialisation in the early years of childhood taking place in the immediate family
Secondary- Occurs during later years such as during school
What is the definition of gender socialisation?
The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation
What is the definition of social control?
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts , feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social system.
What is the definition of institution?
An established organisation founded for a religious, education, professional or social purpose
What is the definition of social change?
An alteration in the social order of society
What is the definition of social issues?
Problems that affect many people within a society
What is the definition of inequality?
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society
What is the definition of social stratification?
A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic, such as wealth or status
What is the definition of social class?
A term used to define social inequalities I. e, certain groups have more access to wealth, income and power than others. Factors which contribute to social class include a person’s job, family backround, education and income.
What examples of social control are there in modern society?
. Mild disapproval from a partner might persuade women to take up what is deemed acceptable such as badminton over rugby
. Media scrutiny to look slim and feminine might persuade them from taking up sports such as rugby
What examples are there of social change?
. Creche facilities provided at local sports centres so females have more time to play sport
. ‘This girl can’
. Cricket for change
What are the four main causes of inequality?MRMC
. Money
. Role models
. Myths and stereotypes
. Confidence
What are the three main categories that suffer inequality?
. Gender
. Ethnicity
. Wealth
What is the consequence of stratification in society?
High wealth= greater access to resources than those less wealthy
What can greater affluence influence?
. Type of activity
. Type of club joined
. The equipment used
How can social class affect participation at school?
. Low income groups may have poor health and that may cause lack of involvement in sport
. Public schools have better facilities
How can social class affect participation at sports clubs?
lower income families may:
. Have to look after younger families
. Do house hold chores
. Less money for clubs, equipment
How can social class be evident in sport?
There is higher participation in tennis among higher socio-economic groups
What is social action theory?
A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action
How does social action theory relate to sport?
. Sports involvement and progression are determined by the relationships between people based on the different amounts of power they have in society . Sport has developed alongside aspects of society such as class structure, education and family. . People can intervene in social processes and change them
What is the interactionist approach?
The study of how individuals behave in a society
What is the interactionist approach useful to understanding how to…
. Change sports to match the perspectives and identities of those playing them
. Make sports organisations more democratic ad less hierarchically organised
What does equal opportunities mean?
The right to access the same opportunities, regardless of factors such as race, gender, age or physical capability
What does Prejudice mean?
To form an unfavourable opinion of someone, often based on inadequate facts.
What does discrimination mean?
The unfair treatment of a person or, minority group; to make a distinction and act on a prejudice.
What is stereotyping?
A standardised image; making simple generalisations about all members of a group.
What are the two categories of discrimination?
overt- visible/obvious
covert- hidden/less obvious
What are the five benefits to increasing participation in sport?
. Health . Social . Crime . Employment . Economic
What are the individual and society health benefits of increasing participation?
Individual- Increased health and fitness
Society- Less strain on NHS
What are the individual and society social benefits of increasing participation?
Individual benefits- Improved social skills
Social- Increased community integration
What are the individual and society crime benefits of increasing participation?
Individual- More positive use of free time
Society- Lower crime rates
What are the individual and society employment benefits of increasing participation?
Individual- Increased productivity at work
Society- less time spent off work and higher productivity
What are the individual and society economic benefits of increasing participation?
Individual- increased spending on healthy pursuits
Society- more money into the economy through increased leisure spend
What are the main barriers to participation (TIME) and the solutions?
Lack of time- add to daily routine(walk to work)
Income- select activities that require few facilities
Motivation- invite friend to exercise with
Education (poor PE experiences)- try sport outside of school with a friend
What are the three main targeted groups for lack of participation?
. Women
. Disabled people
. Ethnic minorities
What are the two types of disability sport?
Intergrated- Able-bodied and disabled people taking part in the same activity
Segregated- People with disabilities participating separately
What are the common barriers to disabled sports participation?
. Lack of confidence . Low income . Lack of access to facilities . Low media coverage . Lack of specialist coaches . Myths/stereotypes
What are the solutions to decrease the barriers of disabled participation?
. Increased investment in disabled sport- subsidise it and make it more affordable
. Make facilities more accessible
. Increase media coverage and promote role models
. Train more specialist coaches
. Educate people on myths and stereotypes
. Design sports specially for individuals-seated volleyball
What are the possible causes of under-representation of ethnic groups in sport?
. Fear of racism/discrimination
. Conflict with religious requirements-Muslim women
. Fewer role models to aspire to in some sports
. Higher value placed on education for some minorities
What are the possible solutions of under-representation of ethnic groups in sport?
. Ensure there single sex provision e.g for Muslim women
. Publicising and punishing racial abuse e.g FA bans on suarez
. Equality measures e.g Rooney rule
. Ensure PE provision is appropriate for ethnic preferences
What are the barriers to women’s participation in sport?
. Lack of time and money . School PE programmes . Less sponsorship and funding . stereotypical myths . less media coverage . Fewer role models
What are the possible solutions to gender inequality in sport?
. Increase media coverage of female sports
. increased sponsorship through ‘Women in Sport’
. encourage acceptance and women having jobs so more have disposable income
. encourage shared domestic responsibilities to allow more free time
What are the health benefits of raising participation?
. decreased risk of heart disease
. decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
. mental health
. decreased risk of osteoporosis and back pain
What are the fitness benefits of raising participation?
. Improved posture
. improved cv fitness
. improved muscular strength/endurance
. flexibility
What are the social benefits of raising participation?
. raised levels of chemicals such as serotonin and endorphins
. improved sleep patterns
. social and emotional health improves
. helps to develop friendships
What are sport englands local partners?
49 county sport partnerships
What are sport England’s aims when working with local partners?
. create sporting habit for life . create more opportunities for participation of young athletes . nurture and develop talent . provide right facilities . support local facilities
What national partners do sport England work with?
. English federation of disability sport (EFDS)
. Sporting Equals
. Women in Sport
. Street games-making sport accessible to all regardless of social situation by providing low cost sessions
What are some of the initiatives from sport england to increase female participation?
. encouraging NGB’s to make female investment more of a priority
. investment into ‘I will if you will’ designed to find out ways to increase participation.
. investment into women and sport
. investment into Active Women-women participation in disadvantaged groups and those with young children
. This Girl Can
What are some of the initiatives from sport england to increase ethnic minority participation?
. investment into Sporting Equals providing opportunities for all groups
How do NGB’s work with sport england?
NGB’s submit whole sport plans to NGBs detailing how they plan to enhance talent and increase participation
Give an example of strategies from a whole sport plan?
British Rowing:
.rowability: encourage disability participation
. Indoor rowing-for young people
