Role of Fathers Flashcards
The social script of fathers is much ___ clearly defined that mothers
Less
Lewis (1986) interviewed 100 fathers of 1 year olds in Nottingham, and found what about men attending the births of their children?
The majority of them attended
What did Lewis find about the amount of fathers helping in the period after birth and getting up to the baby at night?
Increased
What 3 things do fathers provide for their wives so that they can devote themselves to caring for their infant?
1) Love
2) Companionship
3) Emotional support
What did Cox et al find about fathers who spend MORE time with their infants?
That they are LESS likely to form attachment security
Why was fathers time spent with infants predicted by mothers work hours?
Because its not a choice, more because they have to step up as the mother is not there
Maternal full time workers have gone up from 15 to?
25
Even though paternal full time workers have stayed stable, there is an increasing proportion of?
Fathers working part-time
Pike et al videotaped parent-child interactions with an etc-a-sketch and found what difference between fathers and mothers?
Fathers were more task-orientated, whereas mothers were more encouraging, praiseful and affectionate and less dominant
However, despite these differences in how parents dealt with the etch-a-sketch, how did the child report their parents?
They reported their mum and dad as the same
What % is fathers engagement e.g. playing, helping them eat?
43.5%
What % is fathers accessibility e.g. being around them?
65.6%
Paternal involvement is increasing, but more slowly than what trend?
The trend towards maternal employment
What study did Grossman et al (1988) carry out?
A systems approach looking at predictions of dads quality and quantity of fathering through his characteristics (direct) and the mothers characteristics (indirect)
For quantity of fathering, wives scores were more important than husbands own characteristics, but for quality of fathering?
Husbands scores were most importnat
Maternal beliefs and attitudes predict ______ involvement
Paternal
Fathers attitudes ___ ___ predict mothers involvement
Do not
Name 3 factors that determine levels of paternal involvement?
1) Paternal self-efficacy (own attitudes about your parenting role)
2) Marital quality
3) Maternal work hours (more than paternal work hours)
Name 3 consequences of paternal involvement
1) Children show more cognitive competence
2) More empathy
3) More self-control and self esteem
When do the positive benefits of paternal involvement not occur?
If the father is high in anti-social behaviours
What negative effects happens to men with children they dont live?
Psychologically and physically unhealthy
Attitude is ___ important for Mum’s attachment, why not?
Not, because theres a wide range of roles for fathers in societies, in comparison to mothers
For men with resident children, higher levels of involvement resulted in?
Greater life satisfaction
How was fathers involvement measured in Flouri study?
Self report, and specific q’s about specific activities
Name 2 strengths and 2 weaknesses of Flouri study
Controlled for a lot of variables and longitudinal, Dated data and lost participants along the way
What was found about father and mother involvement at age 7?
It independently predicted educational attainment at age 20
Not growing up in a two parent family did what to the association between father/mother involvement and educational outcomes?
It did not weaken it
Was the association between father/mother involvement stronger for sons or daughters?
Equal
In Bzostek study, what was found about the involvement of resident social fathers versus resident biological fathers?
They are just as beneficial as bio fathers for childs well-being
Contact with a non-resident biological father?
Does not diminish the positive association between the resident social father and the childs well-being
How was fathers involvement measured?
Through an average of 8 measures, reported by the mothers
What could the strength of the effect of social fathers being just as beneficial as biological fathers be explained by?
Because the children in this study were very young so their stepfather is more meaningful than when a stepfather comes into the scene as a teenager
