Preschool Provision and Early Intervention Flashcards
What do all other skills stem from?
Making relationships
Why is defining School Readiness problematic?
Because there are many different conceptualisations e.g ready in what sense, many different measures
Outline the 3 measures used to assess School Readiness
1) Basic maths and literacy skills and knowledge
2) Preschool Learning Behaviour Scale, with 3 different subscales = Competence Motivation, Attention/Persistence, Attitude towards Learning
3) Early Development Inventory = Physical Health, Wellbeing, Social Competence, Emotional Maturity, Language and Cognitive Development, Communication Skills and General Knowledge
What is the first port of call when determining if a child is school ready?
To see if they are in a state where they are healthy and well
What are the 2 opposing types of Early Learners?
Parents reading to them every night, vs No books in the house or not conversations
What did Blair (2002) find about the one thing that unifies different perspectives in school readiness?
Self-regulation, e.g. regulation of emotions and attention and selective strategy use in execution of cognitive tasks, level of emotional reactivity e.g. high = higher self-regulatory demands
What did NCES teachers believe was the 3 most important factors for school readiness?
1) Health and Wellbeing
2) Can communicate needs
3) Motivation and enthusiasm
Why is there a gap on in the literature on factors important for school readiness?
Because there is a focus on maths and literacy skills, but teachers say that this is the least important
Entrance age means that theres a gap in the rate of progress, even though this age difference does not predict differences inn rate of progress, what is said about this gap?
It can persist for a long time, still there at GCSE level for example
People born in September are ____ as likely to do better
Twice
What might the gap at GCSE level be due to?
Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecy e.g. consistent attention affects the child’s self-perception and social comparisons
Outline how there is continuity between how children play outside school and inside school?
If children at home are more interactive, they are more positive in the classroom, have less classroom problem behaviours, and more self-regulation skills
Name 3 measurements of environment by Bradley and Caldwell
1) Warmth and affection
2) Physical punishment
3) Language stimulation e.g. physical books and toys
What are these measurements by Bradley and Caldwell associated with?
IQ and Language Ability
What did Hill (2001) find about parenting effects?
They may be moderated by Socio-Economic Status
When SES is low, parenting effect is ___
Big
Parenting effects may also be mediated by _______ _______
Executive Function
What did Sylva et al (2003) find about the quality and quantity of pre-school experience?
That its more important than family influences, and the impact on cognitive outcomes persist into year 1 and year 2, although effects on social outcomes are weak
What does EPPE stand for?
Effective Provision Pre-School Education
What are the 6 Principles for how Pre-School interventions could influence outcomes?
1) Development Timing
2) Program intensity
3) Direct
4) Program breadth and flexibility
5) Individual differences
6) Environmental maintenance
Some effects persist into adulthood, some dont
Ramey & Campbell (1984) found significant effects persisting into adulthood, but when were the early interventions and how many in this group vs control group?
Intervention was from birth to 5 years, for 57 intervention and 54 controls
In Perry Preschool Programme, with 123 disadvantaged African-American kids divided randomly inot pre-school program and no program, what was found?
Sharp rise in programmed group, Less needed treatment from the program group for mental impairments
What else was found about the program group?
Graduated from high school on time, had less arrests and welfare, and had $2,000 plus earnings, own home and were graduates
What does Head Start do?
Doing things with social environments to enable people to flourish
Head Starts are typically _ month, ____-day programme, for _ year olds and families
9, half, 4
Head Start started in 1965 as part of War on Poverty, since 1995 turned into Early Head Start, for?
Birth to 3 years
What did Lee et al (1988) find about Head Start vs Preschool vs No Preschool?
Greatest 1 year gains in Head Start group for 3 out of 4 outcome measures, however it did not overcome initial poorer performance of head start children, and there were higher gains in black children
What were early Head Start effects moderated by?
Qualities of Provision
What are Sure Start programmes?
Not starting at a disadvantage
Who were Sure Start programmes most beneficial for?
Those who were relatively less disadvantaged, but still in disadvantaged communities e.g. non-teen mothers, higher income etc
What is a major issue with Sure Start programmes?
They are not reaching families who most need it, and could have adverse effects for these families
Name 2 positive indications of Sure Start?
Less household chaos for 9-month olds, More support in parenting for 36-month-olds
