Learning, Collaberation and Group Work in the Classroom Flashcards
What does Self-Directive during Peer Interaction mean?
The child is a mini scientist who is active in their own learning
Why is peer interaction better than teacher interaction?
Because peers are on an equal level, there is less power dynamic, and they can share their ideas, explain out loud and consolidate their learning
What’s the difference in receiving information from a teacher vs from a peer?
With a teacher, its received from an authority figure who has power, so you discard your old idea and dont question it, Whereas with a peer, there is no power issue so you are more confident to challenge the idea
State 2 reasons why the Behaviourist Approach might be “out of favour” at school?
1) Old fashioned
2) Not the full picture, e.g. observation, teacher modelling, more advanced peers
What are the 2 opposing views of Group Learning, which leads to ambiguity about whether its a good method?
Does someone in the group need competence/correct answer before the group interaction, OR, Can you take a bunch of kids who dont know and they will arrive collectively at a sophisticated answer?
Why would you need different abilities in a group?
To allow less sophisticated kids to get better knowledge
Having a better kid in the group, does this simply mean improvement is merely a matter of _______ ?
Imitation
Is it spontaneous _________ ________ or effective _________
Cognitive Conflict, Guidance
What does Bruner (1961) say that you need, rather just simple receptive learning?
Discovery Methods
In response to Bruners need for Discovery Methods, what does Mayer (2004) argue pure discovery fails to promote?
The first cognitive process which is selecting relevant incoming information, does not allow kids to work out whats relevant and whats irrelevant
Why does introduction from teacher matter?
To let them know the key points and theories so they know what path to go down, and have a purpose to move forward
In order for group work to be successful, what do kids need?
Adult guidance to support and structure intellectual activity
Name the 3 features of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
1) Social Environment is critical
2) Moving from unaided to proximal development of more complicated information with aid (internalising what is first observed and experienced on the social plane)
3) Guidance by a more competent social partner e.g. scaffolding, implications for testing, zone of proximal development
Did children perform better after being with an adult or with a peer?
With an adult
Did the trained child or the untrained child end up being more sophisticated?
The trained child
Was a trained peer enough?
No, and the peer dyad missed the guided participation as a result
In peer tutoring programmes, both kids on an equal level can guide each other as long as they are trained to do what?
Ask questions
Success wasn’t dependent on grades, but the?
Ability to support and structure peers
Using the words hardware and software, outline how the computer is a metaphor for the mind?
Hardware e.g. capacity, processing speed, and Software e.g. strategies, knowledge
What is the self-reference effect?
Encoding stimuli with reference to the self promotes organisation and elaboration
Better retrieval following ______ processing
Deeper
What was found about encoding with reference to self?
It was better than semantic coding
What is the Microgenetic approach?
When children have multiple strategies at their disposal e.g. the same child will use a range of strategies for solving one problem
The Microgenetic approach can be regressive, what does this mean?
More sophisticated to less sophisticated
Give an example of Domain-Specific knowledge?
Children who are chess experts can out-do adults, guiding someone provides domain-specific expertise that accounts for 32% of variance in recall of meaningful chess positions, but only accounts for 9% of variance in recall of random chess positions
What is Metacogniton?
Thinking about your own thinking, knowing you dont understand something e.g. comprehension monitoring
Does Metacognition increase with age?
Yes
Children dont do metacognition spontaneously, they have to be?
Taught it
In what ways do children overestimate their own memory capacity?
They don’t rehearse and organise as much, and don’t allocate study time efficiently, and won’t adjust time for harder stuff
Children solving problems together, did what?
Challenged each others methods and ideas
Success in a peer tutoring programme was not necessarily dependent on?
Greater expertise of tutor
What are changes in the Microgenetic approach prompted by?
Self-explanation, as well as feedback
Even though children were better at chess, they were worse at?
Digit span
