Determinants of Parenting Flashcards
Marital love was NOT affected by work hours, but was affected by what?
Role overload i.e. not being able to get work out of your head
Fathers that work less were ___ spending more time with their kids than fathers that worked more
Not
High work hours and high role overload did lead to?
Less accepting and less effective perspective-taking
What were Belsky’s 3 factors determining parental quality?
1) Parental personal resources e.g. mental health, attachment history
2) Childrens characteristics e.g. elicit types of parenting with their temperament
3) Contextual stress and support e.g. environment, work overload, economic status
Which of Belskys factors is the most important, and give an example of why?
Parental personal resources, for example teenage mothers are less sensitive, depressed mothers are more disruptive and hostile, and inter-generational transmission of child abuse
Which of belskys factors becomes more important as the child gets older?
The childs characteristics
What 3 factors influenced attachment security for father child?
1) Fathers personality
2) Marital relationship
3) Work role overload
What does PDI stand for?
Parenting Dimensions Inventory
Less economically advantaged led to less ____?
Warmth
How do genetic factors come into play?
They influence environmental risk exposure
Childrens genetic makeup elicits a type of affect e.g. warmth vs harsh, explain how identical and non-identical twin evidence can support this
Mothers of non-identical twins were more warm towards one twin, but had similar control over both twins. However, mothers of identical twins were very similarly warm towards both twins with the similar control
What did Plomin et al find about teen siblings reporting on their parents?
It was unique to themselves, not shared by siblings
Just because there is a inter-generational transmission of child abuse, this does not mean the child is responsible, who is?
The adult is still the responsible one
What 3 things count as contextual factors for parenting?
Marital relationship, social network, and maternal employment
Name two things child-centred parenting uses
Reasoning and Non-restrictive attitude
In Pikes study, warmth was measured by home observations, what about harsh discipline?
Semi-structured interviews
What 3 explanations are there for genetic influences?
1) Self-report measures may be genetically biased
2) Genetic factors may influence environmental risk exposure
3) So-called environmental measure may be truly influenced by genetic factors
What was the nature of the sample in Capaldi et al study?
Mainly fathers, working class, slightly economically disadvantaged, 90% euro-american
How was parenting measured in this Capaldi study?
Self report e.g. interviews and questionnaires
What determinants of parenting are examined in Cipaldi study that would fit into Parental resources?
Age at birth, Fathers harsh discipline in their childhood, and Fathers risk behaviour
What did the study find about intergenerational associations in negative discipline?
They existed across a 14 year period
What was the strongest correlate of fathers poor and harsh discipline?
Mother risk behaviour
What was the nature of the sample in Smith (2010) ?
European/American, middle/high class
How was parenting measured in this Smith study?
2 mother-child interactions and coded observations
What determinants of parenting had a negative correlation?
Neuroticism and Agreeableness
What did this Smith study find?
1) More maternal supportive behaviour predicted by higher levels of child social responsiveness
2) More maternal control associated with lower SES
