Determinants of Parenting

Question 1

Marital love was NOT affected by work hours, but was affected by what?

Answer 1

Role overload i.e. not being able to get work out of your head

Question 2

Fathers that work less were ___ spending more time with their kids than fathers that worked more

Answer 2

Not

Question 3

High work hours and high role overload did lead to?

Answer 3

Less accepting and less effective perspective-taking

Question 4

What were Belsky’s 3 factors determining parental quality?

Answer 4

1) Parental personal resources e.g. mental health, attachment history
2) Childrens characteristics e.g. elicit types of parenting with their temperament
3) Contextual stress and support e.g. environment, work overload, economic status

Question 5

Which of Belskys factors is the most important, and give an example of why?

Answer 5

Parental personal resources, for example teenage mothers are less sensitive, depressed mothers are more disruptive and hostile, and inter-generational transmission of child abuse

Question 6

Which of belskys factors becomes more important as the child gets older?

Answer 6

The childs characteristics

Question 7

What 3 factors influenced attachment security for father child?

Answer 7

1) Fathers personality
2) Marital relationship
3) Work role overload

Question 8

What does PDI stand for?

Answer 8

Parenting Dimensions Inventory

Question 9

Less economically advantaged led to less ____?

Answer 9

Warmth

Question 10

How do genetic factors come into play?

Answer 10

They influence environmental risk exposure

Question 11

Childrens genetic makeup elicits a type of affect e.g. warmth vs harsh, explain how identical and non-identical twin evidence can support this

Answer 11

Mothers of non-identical twins were more warm towards one twin, but had similar control over both twins. However, mothers of identical twins were very similarly warm towards both twins with the similar control

Question 12

What did Plomin et al find about teen siblings reporting on their parents?

Answer 12

It was unique to themselves, not shared by siblings

Question 13

Just because there is a inter-generational transmission of child abuse, this does not mean the child is responsible, who is?

Answer 13

The adult is still the responsible one

Question 14

What 3 things count as contextual factors for parenting?

Answer 14

Marital relationship, social network, and maternal employment

Question 15

Name two things child-centred parenting uses

Answer 15

Reasoning and Non-restrictive attitude

Question 16

In Pikes study, warmth was measured by home observations, what about harsh discipline?

Answer 16

Semi-structured interviews

Question 17

What 3 explanations are there for genetic influences?

Answer 17

1) Self-report measures may be genetically biased
2) Genetic factors may influence environmental risk exposure
3) So-called environmental measure may be truly influenced by genetic factors

Question 18

What was the nature of the sample in Capaldi et al study?

Answer 18

Mainly fathers, working class, slightly economically disadvantaged, 90% euro-american

Question 19

How was parenting measured in this Capaldi study?

Answer 19

Self report e.g. interviews and questionnaires

Question 20

What determinants of parenting are examined in Cipaldi study that would fit into Parental resources?

Answer 20

Age at birth, Fathers harsh discipline in their childhood, and Fathers risk behaviour

Question 21

What did the study find about intergenerational associations in negative discipline?

Answer 21

They existed across a 14 year period

Question 22

What was the strongest correlate of fathers poor and harsh discipline?

Answer 22

Mother risk behaviour

Question 23

What was the nature of the sample in Smith (2010) ?

Answer 23

European/American, middle/high class

Question 24

How was parenting measured in this Smith study?

Answer 24

2 mother-child interactions and coded observations

Question 25

What determinants of parenting had a negative correlation?

Answer 25

Neuroticism and Agreeableness

Question 26

What did this Smith study find?

Answer 26

1) More maternal supportive behaviour predicted by higher levels of child social responsiveness
2) More maternal control associated with lower SES