Rogers - Person-Centered Theory Flashcards
What’s the name of Rogers’ theory?
Person-Centered theory
What are the basic assumptions of Rogers’ theory?
- Formative tendency – All matter, organic and inorganic tends to evolve to move complex forms.
- Actualizing tendency – Human’s only motive is to move toward to completion/fulfillment of potentials.
Define the formative tendency
All matter, organic and inorganic tends to evolve to move complex forms.
Define the actualization tendency
The predisposition to move toward completion or fulfillment.
Self-actualization is a subset of the ______ ______.
Actualizing tendency
What are the two self subsystems?
Self-concept – all aspects of being and experiences in awareness (note:
Ideal self – view of self as one wishes it to be.
Without _____, the self-concept and ideal self wouldn’t exist.
Awareness
Describe Rogers’ view of denial of positive experiences.
Compliments rarely have a positive influence on self-concept, because the person distrusts the giver or doesn’t feel deserving of the compliment.
How does an individual “become a person?”
By making contact with a caregiver whose positive regard for that individual fosters positive self-regard.
Name four barriers to psychological health.
- Conditions of worth
- Incongruence
- Defensiveness
- Disorganization
Describe the conditions of worth barrier to psychological health and its impact.
External evaluations, positive or negative, prevent us from being completely open to our experiences.
Conditions of worth and external evaluation lead to __, __, and __, and prevent people from experiences unconditional positive regard.
Vulnerability, anxiety and threat.
Incongruence develops when the___ self and the ___ self don’t match.
Organismic, perceived.
Describe the defensiveness barrier to psychological health.
When the organismic self and perceived self are incongruent, people will become defensive and use distortion (fit to self-concept) or denial (refuse to perceive experience) to reduce incongruence.
Describe the disorganization barrier to psychological health.
When distortion and denial aren’t sufficient to block incongruence, behavior becomes disorganized. May then act consistently with either organismic experience or their shattered self-concept.
Vulnerable people are unaware of their incongruence and are likely to become ___, ___, and ___.
Anxious, threatened and defensive.
What are three conditions for therapists to provide psychotherapy?
Counselor must have congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic listening.
The process of therapeutic personality change ranges from what to what?
Ranges from unwilling to talk about self to a final stage in which clients become their own therapists.
Summarize the stages of therapeutic personality change.
Stages range from extreme defensiveness, to an unwillingness to talk about oneself, to a final stage in which clients become their own therapists.
Patients reaching the last stage of Rogers’ stages of therapeutic change are ___ ___ ___.
Persons of tomorrow (fully functioning persons)
What’s the difference between organismic self and self-concept?
Self-concept is in awareness. Organismic self includes the unconscious.
What’s another term for perceived self?
Self-concept
What are the basic outcomes of client-centered counseling?
Congruent clients open to experiences, who have no need to be defensive.
Summarize Rogers’ Person-Centered Theory
- Formative tendency (all matter evolves to more complex forms) and actuating tendency (move toward completion or fulfillment.
- There are three selves – organismic, self-concept, ideal self.
- Incongruence occurs when organismic and self-concept don’t match.
- When incongruent, ppl get defensive – using distortion & denial to reduce incongruence.
- If defense doesn’t work, ppl become disorganized.
- Ppl can change w/ therapist who is congruent and has unconditional pos. regard & empathy.
- Self-actualization develops when ppl evolve a self-system, moving to fully functional person/person of tomorrow.
Describe the types of selves.
Organismic self - “real” self - includes unconscious.
Self-concept/perceived self - in awareness only. May vary from reality.
Ideal self - self one would like to be.
What are the characteristics of Persons of Tomorrow?
- Adaptable
- Open to experiences
- Live fully in the moment - constant state of change.
- Confidence in harmonious relations
- More integrated
- Basic trust of human nature
- Enjoy greater richness in life.
AOL Can Move
