Rogers: Humanistic Flashcards
Which force is humanistic theory? Essentially, what order in history did it occur?
-third
Who are the two main theorists in the humanistic perspective? (2)
-Roger’s
-Maslow
What two people influenced young Roger’s?
-Otto Rank and Taft
What movement influenced young Roger’s?
-progressive education
What inspired Roger’s to come up with the “newer therapy”?
-he wanted a therapy that was pragmatic that worked
What are the aspects of the “newer therapy”? (4)
-relies on the individuals ability and drive to grow
-more emphasis on feelings
-more emphasis on present than past
-the therapeutic relationship itself is incredibly useful, it is a growth relationship
What is the actualizing tendency?
-drive within every individual to grow and develop their fullest potential, move from simple to complex
What is the organismic self?
-the brain and body
What is the organismic valuing process?
-frame of reference that allows an individual to know if their experience is in accordance with their actualizing tendency, essentially will this experience help me grow or not
How do we know if something is in accordance with our actualizing tendency?
-if it helps you maintain or enhance what you have
The actualizing tendency accounts for human motives, which motives does this include? (2)
-maintenance needs
-enhancement needs
What are maintenance needs?
-the need to survive and keep the status quo
What are the enhancement needs?
-need for growth and development
What is self-actualization?
-realizing their full potential and fulfillment
What is a subset of the actualizing tendency?
-self actualization
What is the self? What are the two component subsystems under the self? (2)
-only humans have this, it’s the parts of experiences associated with I, me and mine
-self concept and ideal self
What is the self concept?
-the self we perceive ourselves being, it’s our subjective interpretation of who we are
What is the ideal self?
-as it name sounds, it is the self we want to be
What are the 2 components that make up the self?
-self-concept and ideal self
What is experience? What about awareness? (2)
-everything that is going on in a humans environment at a given moment in time
-we can become aware of all of it, but we are not aware of everything
When does or how does experience enter awareness?
-when it is symbolized (words, sounds, images)
What is the phenomenological field?
-it’s inside of us, and is composed of all inner experiences in the moment, including what you are and are not conscious of
What is synonymous with the subjective reality that directs our behaviour?
-phenomenological field
What is the medium of the self-concept?
-awareness
What are the three levels of awareness? (3)
-ignored or denied
-distorted
-accurately perceived
How is the self-concept made? (2)
-contact with another
-positive regard
What is positive regard?
-being cared for and accepted by others
What produces positive self regard?
-when you experience positive regard
What did Roger’s say psychological health was? (2)
-when we have a positive self regard that is autonomous, we don’t have to lean on others to feel good for ourselves
-congruence between different selfs
What do you mean by congruence between different selfs? (2)
-between your own opinion of your self (self-concept) and your real self or what others think you are (organismic self)
-between self-concept and ideal self
What does congruence, autonomous positive self regard and overall psychological health require?
-unconditional positive regard
What is unconditional positive regard?
-not conditional on behaviours
What happens if you don’t get this unconditional positive regard?
-psychological maladjustment
What are the five psychological maladjustments? (5)
-conditions of worth
-incongruence
-anxiety and threat
-defensiveness
-disorganization
What are conditions of worth?
-we have to do certain things to get love, external evaluations
What is incongruence?
-there is a gap between real self and self-concept
What does incongruence cause?
-anxiety and threat
What is defensiveness?
-distorting or even denying reality to pretend to be more like my ideal self
When we look at psychological maladjustment, are all of these equal or does it go down the list and get worse?
-people start at the top things and go down, not everyone hits every step
What is disorganization?
-they deny their denial, they have breakdowns
Can you ever have a perfect overlap between the self-concept and real self (organismic self)?
-no
What is the structure of Roger’s theory?
-self
What is the developmental aspect of Roger’s theory?
-self actualization supported by unconditional positive regard
What is the disordered aspect of Roger’s theory?
-incongruence from conditions or worth
What seeds from the open Christian discussion group did Roger’s develop that helped him develop his future therapy? (2)
-freedom of choice
-no external authority or direction
Where does Roger’s say we find our sense of direction, our authority and our choices?
-within themself
What is humanism truly?
-that we ourselves are the ultimate authority
What has Roger’s been critiqued for? (2)
-that his theories promote selfishness and egotism
-that his theories don’t work under religion
What is Roger’s theory and therapy both called?
-person centered theory and client centered therapy
What are the three aspects of client-centered theory that guide our understanding of it? (3)
-conditions
-process
-outcomes
What did Roger’s changed the word patient for in therapy?
-client
What are the most important conditions in a therapeutic relationship according to Roger? (3)
-congruence
-unconditional positive regard
-empathy
What is congruence?
-being genuine and authentic
Describe the process stages (7).
- Rigidity of self-perception: no recognition of the problems, they don’t exist
- Dim recognition of problem: recognizes problem in others but not self
- Self treated as object: talks about future or past feelings, but not present
- Partial recognition of feelings: beginning awareness of present feelings
- Improved recognition of feelings: expresses present feelings without fully understanding them
- Acceptance of feelings: freer awareness of experience
- New feelings experienced freely: full awareness of experience and unified self (called persons of tomorrow)
What are the outcomes of client centered therapy when the six conditions are met? (3)
-more congruent between self concept and organismic self as well as ideal self and self concept (genuine)
-less defensive
-more open to experience
What is Roger’s view of science?
-that much of our experiments are subjective, and that we try to make the empirical method objective
What is the q-sort?
-deck of 100 cards with qualities on them and asks people to sort every card based on most like you and least like you
Describe the assumptions about human nature for Roger’s theory (7)
-free choice
-optimistic
-future focused because of actualizing tendency
-conscious
-biological with actualizing tendency and social with self regard
-varied because we are all moving towards self actualization
-uniqueness
Evaluate Roger’s person centered theory (6)
-generates research: moderate
-allow falsifiability: high
-organize knowledge: high
-guide practical action: very high
-internal consistency: very high
-maintain parsimony: high
