Chapter 1 -introduction to personality Flashcards
What does persona mean?
-mask, theatrical, both the outer appearance and the person or thing behind the mask
What does per sonare mean?
-means to sound through
What are the four things to know about theories of personality?
-scientific (empirical and rational)
-tell us a lot about the theorists
-they’re varied
-they rest on assumptions
What are the 5 major theoretical perspectives? (5)
-psychodynamic
-humanistic
-dispositional
-biological/evolutionary
-learning-cognitive
Who are the theorists for Psychodynamic theory?
-Freud, Jung, Horney
What are the key ideas of psychodynamic theory? (4)
-unconscious forces
-early childhood is critical
-focuses on developmental stages
-neurotic behaviour
Who are the theorists for the humanistic perspective?
-Rogers
What are the key ideas of the humanistic perspective? (5)
-free choice
-conscious and rational
-growth motivation
-subjectivity (self-concept)
-optimistic
Who are the theorists for dispositional perspective?
-Allport, McCrae & Costa
What are the key ideas for the dispositional perspective? (2)
-unique traits, personality tests
-consistency
Who is the theorist for the biological-evolutionary perspective?
-Buss
What are the key ideas of the biological theories? (3)
-biological/genetic factors
-shaped by evolution
-traits
Who are the theorists for the learning-cognitive perspective?
-Skinner, Bandura
What are the key ideas under the learning-cognitive perspective? (3)
-environmental conditioning
-observational learning
-internal-environmental interaction
What are the 7 assumptions about human nature in the personality theories? (7)
-determinism or free choice
-pessimism or optimism
-causality (past) or teleology (future)
-conscious or unconscious
-biological or social influences
-consistent or variable
-uniqueness or similarity
