Rocks And The UK Physical Landscape Flashcards
What are the Three Types of Rocks?
- Igneous.
- Sedimentary.
- Metamorphic.
Igneous Rocks are Formed when Molten Rock (________) form the Mantle Cools Down and Hardens. The Rock Forms ___________ as it Cools. Igneous Rocks are Usually Hard, like __________.
Magma…Crystals…Granite…
Sedimentary Rocks are Formed when Layers of ____________ are Compacted Together until they Become Solid _______.
Sediment…Rock…
What are the Four Main Types of Sedimentary Rock in the UK?
- Carboniferous Limestone.
- Chalk.
- Clays.
- Shales.
Metamorphic Rocks are Formed when Other Rocks are Changed by Heat and _____________.
Pressure.
What are the Three Main Ways that Past Tectonic Processes have Shapes the UK Landscape?
- Active Volcanoes.
- Plate Collisions.
- Plate Movements.
_____ Million Years Ago, the Land that Now makes Up the UK Used to be Much Closer to a Plate Boundary than it is Now. _________ Volcanoes Forced Magma through the Earth’s Crust which Cooled to Form __________ Rocks.
520…Active…Igneous…
Plate Collisions Caused Rocks to be Folded and ____________, Forming Mountain _________. Intense Heat and Pressure Caused by Plate Collisions Formed Hard ______________ Rocks in Northern Scotland and Ireland.
Uplifted…Ranges…Metamorphic…
Plate Movements meant that 345-280 Million Years Ago Britain was in the __________ and Higher _____ Levels meant it was Partly Underwater.
Tropics…Sea…
The Youngest Rocks in the UK are the Chalks and _______ found in Southern England, they Formed in ___________ Seas and Swamps.
Clays…Shallow…
Characteristics of Granite?
- Very Resistant.
- Forms Upland Landscapes.
- Lots of Joints which aren’t Evenly Spread.
- Impermeable (doesn’t Let Water Through).
- Creates Moorlands (Large Areas of Waterlogged Land and Acidic Soil).
Characteristics of Slate and Schist?
- Forms in Layers Creating Weak Planes in the Rock.
- Very Hard and Resistant to Weathering.
- It has Bigger Crystals than Slate.
- Often Form Rugged Upland Landscapes.
Characteristics of Carboniferous Limestone?
- Rainwater Slowly Eats Away at Limestone through Carbonating Weathering.
- It is Permeable.
- Limestone Areas have Dry Valleys and Resurgent Rivers.
Characteristics of Chalk and Clay?
- Chalk is Harder than Clay.
- Forms Escarpments (Hills).
- Chalk is Impermeable.
- Clay is Very Soft and Easily Eroded.
During some __________ Periods, Parts of the UK were Covered in a ___________ Ice Sheet.
Glacial…Massive…
