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Geography Paper 2: Component 2 Topic 4 - The UK's Evolving Physical Landscape > Coastal Landforms Caused By Erosion > Flashcards

Coastal Landforms Caused By Erosion Flashcards

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1
Q

Coastlines dan be Concordant or _______________.

A

Discordant.

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2
Q

Hard Rocks (Limestone or Chalk) and More _____________, so it Takes Longer for them to be ___________ and Weathered by Physical Processes.

A

Resistant…Eroded…

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3
Q

Soft Rocks (Clay or Sandstone) are Less ______________, which Means they’re Eroded More _____________.

A

Resistant…Quickly…

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4
Q

What are Joints and Faults?

A

Cracks and Weaknesses in the Rock. Rocks with Lots of Joints and Faults Erode Faster.

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5
Q

Some Coastlines are Made Up of _____________ Bands of ______ and ______ Rock that are at Right Angles to the Coast - these are Called what?

A

Alternating…Hard…Soft…Discordant Coastlines…

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6
Q

What are Concordant Coastlines?

A

Alternating Bands of Hard and Soft Rock are Parallel to the Coast.

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7
Q

What are More Common on Discordant Coastlines Because the Bands of Rock are Being Eroded at Different Rates?

A

Erosional Landforms like Bays and Headlands.

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8
Q

Concordant Coastlines are Eroded at the Same ______ Along the Coast, Meaning there are Fewer Erosional ______________.

A

Rate…Landforms…

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9
Q

What does the UK’s Climate have an Impact on?

A

Coastal Erosion and Retreat.

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10
Q

Differences in _______________ have an Impact on Processes Along the ________.

A

Temperature…Coast…

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11
Q

Strong Winds from Storms Create ______ Energy, Destructive Waves Which ____________ Erosion of the Cliffs.

A

High…Increase…

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12
Q

Intense Rainfall in the UK can Cause Cliffs to Become _____________, Making Mass ______________ more Likely.

A

Saturated…Movement…

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13
Q

Prevailing Winds in the UK are Mostly Warm ________ Westerlies Which bring Storms from the ___________ Ocean.

A

South…Atlantic…

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14
Q

_____________ Waves Wear Away the Coast.

A

Destructive.

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15
Q

Waves that Carry Out Erosional _______________ are Called ______________ Waves.

A

Processes…Destructive…

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16
Q

Features of a Destructive Wave?

A
  • High.
  • Steep.
  • High Frequency.
17
Q

Destructive Waves’ Backwash is More _____________ than their Swash, Meaning Material is ____________ from the Coast.

A

Powerful…Removed…

18
Q

Storms Increase the _______________ Power of Destructive Waves, Which can Lead to _____________ Rates of Coastal Retreat.

A

Erosional…Increase…

19
Q

Waves Erode Cliffs to Form Wave-Cut ____________.

A

Platforms.

20
Q

Formation of a Wave-Cut Platform?

A
  • Waves Cause Most Erosion at the Foot of the Cliff, Forming a Wave-Cut Notch, which is Enlarged as Erosion Continues.
  • The Rock Above the Notch Becomes Unstable and Eventually Collapses.
  • Collapsed Material is Washed Away and a New Wave-Cut Notch Starts to Form.
  • Repeated Collapsing Results in the Cliff Retreating.
  • A Wave-Cut Platform is the Platform that’s Left Behind as the Cliff Retreats.
21
Q

Headlands and Bays Form Along ______________ Coastlines.

A

Discordant.

22
Q

Soft Rocks or Rocks with Lots of _________ have ______ Resistance to Erosion. Hard Rocks with a Solid Structure have a _______ Resistance to Erosion.

A

Joints…Low…High…

23
Q

Less Resistant Rock is _________ Quickly, Forming a _____ which has a Gentle Slope.

A

Eroded…Bay…

24
Q

Resistant Rock is Eroded More _________ and it’s Left Jutting Out, Forming a _____________ which have _________ Sides.

A

Slowly…Headland…Steep…

25
Q

Headland are Eroded to Form what?

A

Caves, Arches and Stacks.

26
Q

How are Headlands Eroded to Form Caves, Arches and Stacks?

A
  • Headlands are Usually Made of Resistant Rocks that have Weaknesses Like Cracks.
  • Waves Crash into the Headlands and Enlarge the Cracks by Hydraulic Power or Abrasion.
  • Repeated Erosion and Enlargement of the Cracks Causes a Cave to Form.
  • Continued Erosion Deepens the Cave Until it Breaks Through the Headland, Forming an Arch Like Durdle Door in Dorset.
  • Erosion Continues to Wear Away the Rock Supporting the Arch, Until it Eventually Collapses.
  • This Forms a Stack, Which is an Isolated Rock that’s Separated From the Headland, Like Old Harry in Dorset.

Geography Paper 2: Component 2 Topic 4 - The UK's Evolving Physical Landscape (22 decks)

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