Coastal Landforms Caused By Erosion Flashcards
Coastlines dan be Concordant or _______________.
Discordant.
Hard Rocks (Limestone or Chalk) and More _____________, so it Takes Longer for them to be ___________ and Weathered by Physical Processes.
Resistant…Eroded…
Soft Rocks (Clay or Sandstone) are Less ______________, which Means they’re Eroded More _____________.
Resistant…Quickly…
What are Joints and Faults?
Cracks and Weaknesses in the Rock. Rocks with Lots of Joints and Faults Erode Faster.
Some Coastlines are Made Up of _____________ Bands of ______ and ______ Rock that are at Right Angles to the Coast - these are Called what?
Alternating…Hard…Soft…Discordant Coastlines…
What are Concordant Coastlines?
Alternating Bands of Hard and Soft Rock are Parallel to the Coast.
What are More Common on Discordant Coastlines Because the Bands of Rock are Being Eroded at Different Rates?
Erosional Landforms like Bays and Headlands.
Concordant Coastlines are Eroded at the Same ______ Along the Coast, Meaning there are Fewer Erosional ______________.
Rate…Landforms…
What does the UK’s Climate have an Impact on?
Coastal Erosion and Retreat.
Differences in _______________ have an Impact on Processes Along the ________.
Temperature…Coast…
Strong Winds from Storms Create ______ Energy, Destructive Waves Which ____________ Erosion of the Cliffs.
High…Increase…
Intense Rainfall in the UK can Cause Cliffs to Become _____________, Making Mass ______________ more Likely.
Saturated…Movement…
Prevailing Winds in the UK are Mostly Warm ________ Westerlies Which bring Storms from the ___________ Ocean.
South…Atlantic…
_____________ Waves Wear Away the Coast.
Destructive.
Waves that Carry Out Erosional _______________ are Called ______________ Waves.
Processes…Destructive…
Features of a Destructive Wave?
- High.
- Steep.
- High Frequency.
Destructive Waves’ Backwash is More _____________ than their Swash, Meaning Material is ____________ from the Coast.
Powerful…Removed…
Storms Increase the _______________ Power of Destructive Waves, Which can Lead to _____________ Rates of Coastal Retreat.
Erosional…Increase…
Waves Erode Cliffs to Form Wave-Cut ____________.
Platforms.
Formation of a Wave-Cut Platform?
- Waves Cause Most Erosion at the Foot of the Cliff, Forming a Wave-Cut Notch, which is Enlarged as Erosion Continues.
- The Rock Above the Notch Becomes Unstable and Eventually Collapses.
- Collapsed Material is Washed Away and a New Wave-Cut Notch Starts to Form.
- Repeated Collapsing Results in the Cliff Retreating.
- A Wave-Cut Platform is the Platform that’s Left Behind as the Cliff Retreats.
Headlands and Bays Form Along ______________ Coastlines.
Discordant.
Soft Rocks or Rocks with Lots of _________ have ______ Resistance to Erosion. Hard Rocks with a Solid Structure have a _______ Resistance to Erosion.
Joints…Low…High…
Less Resistant Rock is _________ Quickly, Forming a _____ which has a Gentle Slope.
Eroded…Bay…
Resistant Rock is Eroded More _________ and it’s Left Jutting Out, Forming a _____________ which have _________ Sides.
Slowly…Headland…Steep…
Headland are Eroded to Form what?
Caves, Arches and Stacks.
How are Headlands Eroded to Form Caves, Arches and Stacks?
- Headlands are Usually Made of Resistant Rocks that have Weaknesses Like Cracks.
- Waves Crash into the Headlands and Enlarge the Cracks by Hydraulic Power or Abrasion.
- Repeated Erosion and Enlargement of the Cracks Causes a Cave to Form.
- Continued Erosion Deepens the Cave Until it Breaks Through the Headland, Forming an Arch Like Durdle Door in Dorset.
- Erosion Continues to Wear Away the Rock Supporting the Arch, Until it Eventually Collapses.
- This Forms a Stack, Which is an Isolated Rock that’s Separated From the Headland, Like Old Harry in Dorset.
