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Infectious - 3. Virology > RNA viruses overview > Flashcards

RNA viruses overview Flashcards

1
Q

RNA strands

A

All RNA viruses except Reoviridae are ssRNA

  • Memory aid:*
  • All are ssRNA (like our mRNA), except “_re_peato-virus” (_re_ovirus) is dsRNA
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2
Q

Site of RNA virus replication

A

All replicate in the cytoplasm (except influenza virus and retroviruses which replication in the nucleus)

Memory aid:

  • DNA virus – Dun sa nucleus
  • RNA virus – Ruwar ng nucleus
  • Sa nucleus RIN – 2 RNA viruses (Retro and Influenza in Nucleus)
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3
Q

Negative-stranded viruses

A
  • Arenaviruses
  • Bunyaviruses
  • Paramyxoviruses
  • Orthomyxoviruses
  • Filoviruses
  • Rhabdoviruses

Memory aid:

  • _A_lways _B_ring _P_olymerase _o_r _F_ail _R_eplication
  • BOAR + PF (Para Filo)
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4
Q

Property of negative-stranded viruses

A
  • Virion brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  • Must transcribe negative strand to positive
  • Not readily infectious
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5
Q

SPIN mnemonic

A
  • SPIN Ca-He-Pi
    • SS
    • Positive strand
    • Icosahedral
    • Naked
      • Calicivirus
      • Hepevirus
      • Picornavirus
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6
Q

SPIE mnemonic

A
  • SPIE To-Fla-Re
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Icosahedral
    • Enveloped
      • Togavirus
      • Flavivirus
      • Retrovirus
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7
Q

SPHeE mnemonic

A
  • SPHeE
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Coronavirus
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8
Q

SNHeE mnemonic

A
  • SNHeE BOAR + PF
    • SS
    • Negative
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
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9
Q

Capsid symmetry of delta virus

A

Either helical or unknown

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10
Q

All RNA viruses contain single-stranded RNA, except for which family?

A

Reoviridae

  • Remember:*
  • All are single-strand RNA except “repeatovirus” [reovirus] is double-stranded RNA
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11
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Symmetry
  • Shape
  • Example
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Negative sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Symmetry
    • Helical
  • Shape
    • Linear
  • Example
    • Influenza

Memory aid:

  • SNHeE – BOAR + PF
    • SS
    • Negative
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
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12
Q

Paramyxoviruses

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Examples and disease caused
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Negative sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Helical
  • Examples and disease caused
    • Parainfluenza – croup
    • RSV – bronchiolitis in babies
    • Measles, Mumps

Memory aid:

  • SNHeE – BOAR + PF
    • SS
    • Negative
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
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13
Q

Paramyxovirus protein component and action

A

Surface F (fusion) protein, which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

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14
Q

Presence of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and fusion protein in each species of paramyxovirus

A
  • Parainfluenza
    • F + N + H
  • RSV
    • F only
  • Measles
    • F + M only
  • Mumps
    • F + N + H
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15
Q

Togaviruses

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
  • Example (s)
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Liner
  • Example (s)
    • Rubella virus
    • Western and Eastern equine encephalitis virus
    • Chikungunya virus

Memory aid:

  • SPIE To-Fla-Re
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Icosahedral
    • Enveloped
      • Togavirus
      • Flavivirus
      • Retrovirus
  • Chik Rubi on a Horse has toga!
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16
Q

Rhabdoviruses

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Symmetry
  • Structure
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Negative sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Symmetry
    • Helical
  • Structure
    • Bullet-shaped

Memory aid:

  • SNHeE BOAR + PF
    • SS
    • Negative
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
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17
Q

Human T-lymphotropic virus

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Linear

​

  • Note:*
  • It is a retrovirus
  • Memory aid:*
  • SPIE To-Fla-Re
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Icosahedral
    • Enveloped
      • Togavirus
      • Flavivirus
      • Retrovirus
18
Q

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) disease caused and histopath finding

A
  • Disease caused
    • Adult T-cell leukemia
  • Histopath finding
    • Malignant T cells with flower-shaped nucleus
19
Q

HIV

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
A
  • Strand
    • SS – s copies (diploid)
  • Polarity
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Linear

​

  • Note:*
  • It is a retrovirus
  • Memory aid:*
  • SPIE To-Fla-Re
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Icosahedral
    • Enveloped
      • Togavirus
      • Flavivirus
      • Retrovirus
20
Q

Four retroviruses known to cause human disease

A
  • HTLV I and HTLV II
    • Transforming retroviruses
  • HIV 1 and HIV 2
    • Cytopathic effects
21
Q

What are the enteroviruses?

A
  • All of the picornaviruses except rhinovirus
    • Poliovirus
    • Echovirus
    • Coxsackievirus
    • HAV
22
Q

Picornaviruses

  • Strand
  • Sense
  • Envelope
  • Symmetry
  • Shape
  • Example (s)
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Sense
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • No
  • Symmetry
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Linear
  • Example (s)
    • Poliovirus
    • Echovirus
    • Rhinovirus
    • Coxsackievirus
    • HAV

Memory aid:

  • SPIN Ca-He-Pi
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Icosahedral
    • Naked
      • Calicivirus
      • Hepevirus
      • Picornavirus
23
Q

All picornaviruses are enteroviruses except ____ becauses it is ____

A
  • Rhinovirus
  • Acid labile – destroyed by stomach acid; therefore, does not infect the GI tract (unlike the other picornaviruses)
24
Q

HAV

  • Otherwise known as
  • Most frequently infected population
  • Most important test
  • Disease caused
A
  • Otherwise known as
    • Enterovirus 72
  • Most frequently infected population
    • Children
  • Most important test
    • Anti-HAV IgM
  • Disease caused
    • Hepatitis A
25
Q

Reovirus

  • Strand
  • Envelope
  • Symmetry
  • Shape
  • Examples
A
  • Strand
    • DS
  • Envelope
    • No
  • Symmetry
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Linear
  • Examples
    • Coltivirus
    • Rotavirus
26
Q

Coronavirus

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Helical
  • Shape
    • Linear

Memory aid:

  • Corona SPHeE
    • ​Single strand
    • Positive sense
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
27
Q

Coronavirus

  • Why is it so named?
  • Reservoir and intermediate host
  • MOT
  • Disease (s) caused
A
  • Why is it so named?
    • Prominent club-shaped spikes form a “corona”
  • Reservoir and intermediate host
    • Reservoir: horseshoe bat
    • Intermediate host: civet cat
  • MOT
    • Respiratory droplet transmission
  • Disease (s) caused
    • Common cold
    • SARS
    • MERS
28
Q

Calicivirus

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Symmetry
  • Shape
  • Example
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • No
  • Symmetry
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Linear
  • Example
    • Norovirus (Norwalk) virus
29
Q

Norovirus (Norwalk virus)

  • Viral family
  • Disease (s) caused
  • MOT
  • Incubation period
  • Manifestations
A
  • Viral family
    • Calicivirus
  • Disease (s) caused
    • Viral gastroenteritis
  • MOT
    • Fecal-oral
  • Incubation period
    • 24 – 48 hours
  • Manifestations
    • Sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by fever and abdominal cramping
30
Q

The structure of the genome of reovirus is unique among RNA viruses in what respect?

A

The structure of the genome of reovirus is unique among RNA viruses in what respect?

31
Q

Flaviviruses

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Symmetry
  • Shape
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Positive sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Symmetry
    • Icosahedral
  • Shape
    • Linear

Memory aid:

  • SPIE To-Fla-Re
    • SS
    • Positive
    • Icosahedral
    • Enveloped
      • Togavirus
      • Flavivirus
      • Retrovirus
32
Q

Diseases caused by Flaviviruses

A
  • West Nile virus (meningoencephalitis)
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • Hepatitis C Virus
  • St. Louis encephalitis
  • Yellow fever
  • Dengue
  • Zika virus
  • Memory aid:*
  • West Nile JC-SYDZ
33
Q

Filoviruses

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
  • Disease (s) caused
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Negative sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Helical
  • Shape
    • Linear – thread-like
  • Disease (s) caused
    • Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever

Memory aid:

  • BOAR + PF SNHeE
    • SS
    • Negative sense
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
34
Q

Bunyavirus

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
  • Disease (s) caused
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Negative sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Helical
  • Shape
    • Linear – thread-like
  • Disease (s) caused
    • California encephalitis
    • Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers
    • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
    • Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia

Memory aid:

  • BOAR + PF SNHeE
    • SS
    • Negative sense
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
35
Q

Arenavirus

  • Strand
  • Polarity
  • Envelope
  • Structure
  • Shape
  • Disease (s) caused
A
  • Strand
    • SS
  • Polarity
    • Negative sense
  • Envelope
    • Yes
  • Structure
    • Helical
  • Shape
    • Linear – thread-like
  • Disease (s) caused
    • LCMV – lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
    • Lassa fever encephalitis – spread by rodents

Memory aid:

  • BOAR + PF SNHeE
    • SS
    • Negative sense
    • Helical
    • Enveloped
      • Bunyavirus
      • Orthomyxovirus
      • Arenavirus
      • Rhabdovirus
      • Paramyxovirus
      • Filovirus
36
Q

Name six viral families that are single-strand, positive-sense, linear RNA viruses with icosahedral capsids

A
  • Picornavirus
  • Hepevirus
  • Calicivirus
  • Flavivirus
  • Togavirus
  • Retrovirus

Memory aid:

  • SPIN Ca-He-Pi
  • SPIE To-Fla-Re
37
Q

All negative-sense RNA viruses have what type of capsid?

A

Helical

  • Memory aid:*
  • BOAR + PF S_NHe_E
38
Q

Which clinically significant virus has a segmented linear RNA?

A

Influenza (an orthomyxovirus)

39
Q

What are the three viral families with circular RNA?

A
  • Bunyaviruses
  • Arenaviruses
  • Deltavirus
  • Memory aid:*
  • BAD circle!
40
Q

What is the only positive-sense RNA virus with a helical capsid?

A

Coronavirus

  • Memory aid:*
  • Coronavirus SPHeE
41
Q

T/F. All helical viruses are enveloped

A

True

Memory aid:

  • SP_HeE_
  • SN_HeE_
42
Q

What surface protein is common to all paramyxoviruses? What is its role?

A

Surface F (fusion) protein, which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

Infectious - 3. Virology (19 decks)

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