RNA Viruses - Exam 4

Question 1

What are the 11 RNA viruses we need to know for this exam?

Answer 1

Retro, Rhabdo, Orthomyxo, Filo, Reo, Paramyxo, Corona, Flavi, Toga, Picorna, and Calici

Question 2

Retroviridae characteristics:

Answer 2

• linear, single stranded, icosahedral, envelope and GAG proteins, release by budding, pseudodiploid, provirus, active cells required, oncovirus, proto oncogene
• transmittable by cell to cell, fluids, or airborne

Question 3

Retroviridiae diseases:

Answer 3

• Spuma: no disease association in vivo

- Lenti: no malignant transformation, chronic immunodeficiencies, don’t need active cells

Question 4

Lentivirus diseases

Answer 4

• Avian leukosis
• Enzootic nasal tumor: sheep/goats
• Jaagsiekte: respiratory distress sheep/goats
• Bovine leucosis: lymph node enlargement
• Feline leukemia: felids (cheetah, cat, etc)
• Equine infectious anemia: horses (via fly)
• Feline immunodeficiency: cats (via bites)

Question 5

Rhabdoviridae characterisitcs

Answer 5

• linear, single strand, helical nucleocapsid, enveloped, bullet shaped, release by budding, neurons, ribonucleoprotein complex, negribodies
• infects dogs, cats, bats, mongooses, ZOONOTIC
• everywhere except Australia and Antarctica
• transmitted via animal bite

Question 6

Rhabdoviridae disease

Answer 6

Rabies (phases: prodomal, furious, and paralytic)

Question 7

Orthomyxoviridae characteristics

Answer 7

• segmented, linear, single stranded, enveloped with H or N spikes, release by budding, reassortment, antigenic drift/shift
• transmittable by direct contact

Question 8

Orthomyxoviridae diseases

Answer 8

• Influenza A (human, bird, mammal)
• Influenza B (human, seal)
• Influenza C (human, pig, dog)
• Swine flu A (common), B (rare), C (not reported)

Question 9

Filoviridae characteristics

Answer 9

• linear, single stranded, pleomorphic or filamentous, helical nucleocapsid, enveloped with spikes
• infects fruit bats, humans, primates
• transmittable by body fluids, bat feces & aerosol, direct contact, ZOONOTIC

Question 10

Filoviridae diseases

Answer 10

Ebola & Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, ZOONOTIC

Question 11

Reoviridae characteristics

Answer 11

• linear, double stranded, double capsid, nonenveloped

- transmittable by fecal-oral, arthropod bite

Question 12

Reoviridae diseases

Answer 12

• Bluetongue: orbivirus, sheep, Dancing Disease

- Viral diarrhea: rotavirus, young animals

Question 13

Paramyxoviridae characteristics

Answer 13

• linear, single stranded, enveloped, release by budding, orthomyxo (segmented), paramyxo (nonsegmented)
• infects vertebrates
• transmittable by inhalation of small droplets

Question 14

Paramyxoviridae diseases

Answer 14

• Canine distemper: canids, fox, ferret, skunk, raccoon, “Hard pad disease”
• Rinderpest: cattle, measles emergence
• Newcastle: birds

Question 15

Coronoviridae characteristics

Answer 15

• linear, single stranded, enveloped with peplomers, release by exocytosis
• infects vertebrates
• transmittable by inhalation of small droplets, fecal-oral

Question 16

Coronoviridae diseases

Answer 16

• feline infectious peritonitis (FIP): Dry: noneffusive, jaundice; Wet: effusive, ascites
• severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): starts like flu then respiratory disease

Question 17

Flaviviridae characteristics

Answer 17

• linear, single stranded, enveloped, icosahedral, release by exocytosis
• infects mammals
• transmittable by vectors (tick, mosquito) or sexual

Question 18

Flaviviridae diseases

Answer 18

• West Nile: birds natural host, humans & horses ZOONOTIC
• Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): respiratory and fertility, persistent infected $
• Zika: fever, rash, joint pain, etc.

Question 19

Togaviridae characteristics

Answer 19

• linear, single stranded, enveloped, release by budding

- infects mammals, birds, mosquitoes

Question 20

Togaviridae diseases

Answer 20

Rubivirus: respiratory transmission
Alphavirus: arthropod, eastern equine or Japanese encephalitis, chikungunya
Arbovirus: arthropod, use vectors, ZOONOTIC

Question 21

Picornaviridae characteristics

Answer 21

• linear, single stranded, nonenveloped, release by cell lysis
• infects vertebrates (human, chimp, cattle, pig, deer, antelope, giraffe, elephant, etc.)
• transmittable by fecal-oral

Question 22

Picornaviridae diseases

Answer 22

• Enteroviruses (GIT or URT; common cold), rhinovirus
• Aphtoviruses (epithelium)
• Hepatoviruses (liver)
• Cardioviruses (GIT then heart and CNS)
• Foot and mouth disease (FMD): lesions
• Poliomyelitis (intestines, CNS, rapid replication)

Question 23

Caliciviridae characteristics

Answer 23

• linear, single stranded, nonenveloped, release by cell lysis, not well studied
• infects vertebrates

Question 24

Caliciviridae diseases

Answer 24

• Vesivirus: airborne in cats, respiratory
• Lagovirus: direct contact in rabbits, hemorrhagic
• Norovirus: fecal-oral in mammals, GI
• Feline Calicivirus: cheetah, latent infection, respiratory