RNA Viruses Flashcards
What is the physicians approach to managing a pt with common cold symptoms?
Supportive tx - inhalers
Monitor S&S severity
Watch for rashes that could suggest something more insidious
Is there specific tx for human metapneumovirus?
No, just supportive tx
Is there a vaccine for human metapneumovirus?
No
This resp virus can be serious in infants and older adults due to airway inflammation
RSV
Is there a vaccine for RSV?
No
mRNA vaccine currently in development
Influenza can cause this syndrome —> aggravated resp failure leading to systemic organ failure
Cytokine storm syndrome
Majority of influenza are of this strain
Influenza A — 75-95%
What characteristic do orthomyxoviridae have that allows for reassortment of —> different HA/NA combinations
Segmented genomes
This antiviral is used to treat influenza A and B. What class is it?
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Neuroaminidase inhibitor
No recommend bc of resistances
This virus is responsible for gastro and has a 2-dose vaccine available, but not virus specific tx.
Rotavirus
This virus is responsible for gastro and has no specific tx or vaccine available
Norovirus
A pt presents to your clinic after travelling to the southern United States to visit family. They returned to the Canada 10 days ago. Over the past 4 days, they have had a non-cyclic fever, conjunctivitis, and cough.
Their vaccination hx is unknown. What is your dx?
What tests are needed to confirm the dx?
Measles
Serology for measles virus ab or RNA from resp samples
This is an important complication to consider with measles virus infection
Encephalitis — brain swelling
What is the tx for measles?
No specific tx
Symptom mgmt with ibuprofen, airway dilators, and Vit A to ↓ risk of blindness
What are some symptoms of chronic HIV/AIDS?
N&V
Persistent diarrhea
Rapid weight loss
Rashes, sores, lesions
Persistent infections
Neurological — memory loss, confusion
There are 3 stages to the course of HIV infection. During which stage is subclinical immune dysfunction, peaked anti-HIV ab, and low viral count present?
Stage 2
During what stage of HIV infection is there a peak in virus c/mL and high CD4 and T-cell count?
Stage 1
During this stage of HIV infection systemic immunodeficiency is present. Viral load begins to increase and anti-HIV ab count falls off
Stage 3
What are the classes of antivirals used for the tx of HIV?
Nucleoside analoge reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
Protease inhibitors (PI)
Binding and fusion inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Latency-reversing agents
What would constitute a therapeutic response to ART?
↓ viral load
Steady ↑ in CD4
Loss of S&S of HIV+
What would constitute a therapeutic failure to ART?
Selection of resistant viruses
↑ viral load
↓ in CD4 and loss of immune function
In context of HIV, what is an elite controller?
Someone able to maintain a low viral load for yrs w/o having ART
This hepatitis virus is the only one that’s curable.
Hep C
What drug combo demonstrates up to a 99% cure rate for Hep C?
Polymerase/NS5A cocktail
