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Phase 2 Block 1 > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Can majority of viruses be treated with antivirals?

A

No
Most are managed with supportive care

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2
Q

What do antivirals target to exert their effect?

A

Viral enzymes involved in virus replication
Host immune response

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3
Q

Are antivirals broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Narrow spectrum

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4
Q

There are 5 possible targets for antivirals to work on

A

Inhibit virus from entering cell (binding or fusion inhibitors)
Virus uncoating inhibitors — don’t let the virus undress once it’s inside the cell
Protease inhibitors — prevent viral protein synthesis
Prevent virus assembly and release
Inhibit virus from integrating into host genome (nucleotide analogues)

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5
Q

How do nucleoside analogues work against viruses?

A

Interrupts the normal replication of the virus —> termination of DNA synthesis

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6
Q

There are 3 mechanisms of antiviral resistance that involve mutation in the viral target site

A

Viral phosphorylase
RNA pol
Enzyme modification (neuraminidase — helps virus spread)

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7
Q

There are many ways to dx a viral rep infection. Which one is the fastest?

A

NP antigen PoC
Takes a few minutes and can be done at home (self-test kits from pandemic)

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8
Q

There are 3 therapies used for the management of severe and critical covid 19 cases. They can be used individually or in combination

A

Corticosteroids
IL-6 receptor blocker
Baricitinib (kinase inhibitor)

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9
Q

These are 2 surface proteins on influenza that change rapidly but in small ways. What are they?

A

Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase

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10
Q

How does the antiviral used for influenza work?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor
Blocks virion release from infected cells

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11
Q

When does oseltamivir (PO) or zanamivir (Inh) need to be started?

A

Within 48hrs of symptom for 5 days

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12
Q

Who should be given influenza antiviral tx?

A

Pts at risk of death
Severe illness
Chronic medical illness
Pregnant
<2 yrs old
>65yrs old

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13
Q

When should influenza antiviral be given prophylactically?

A

Outbreak in institution (ex LTC)
Post-exposure prophylaxis for IC hosts

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14
Q

Which type of hepatitis virus can be cured (not just treated) with an antiviral?

A

Hep C

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of antivirals used to treat Hep C?

A

NS3/4A protease inhibitors
NS5A inhibitors
NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors

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16
Q

How long is the treatment for Hep C?

A

8-12 wks of oral antivirals to reach viral load of 0

17
Q

What is HBSAg?

A

Hep B surface antigen

18
Q

What is HBcAB?

A

Hep B antibody

19
Q

Serology is completed on a pt suspected of Hep B. They are HBSAg (+) only. What stage of HBV do they have and what is the approach to management?

A

Chronic HBV, consider treatment

20
Q

Serology is completed on a pt suspected of Hep B. They are HBSAg (-), HBcAb (+), and HBSAb (+). What stage of HBV do they have and what is the approach to management?

A

They have cleared a HBV infection

21
Q

Serology is completed on a pt suspected of Hep B. They are HBSAb (+) only. What stage of HBV do they have and what is the approach to management?

A

This pt is vaccinated and can’t get HBV

22
Q

What immune modulation is available for Hep B?

A

Vaccination
Toll-like receptor agonists

23
Q

What is the management for Hep B? Is it curative?

A

Hep B can’t be cured, only managed
Treatment important to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Tx with long term oral nucleotide analogue; lifelong

24
Q

These 2 herpesviruses cause mucosal ulcers

A

HSV1
HSV2

25
Q

This herpesvirus is responsible for chicken pox and shingles

A

Varicella

26
Q

There are 2 herpesviruses that cause mononucleosis

A

Ebstein-Barr
CMV

27
Q

This herpesvirus is responsible for roseola infantum

A

HHV-6

28
Q

This herpesvirus is responsible for pityriasis rosea

A

HHV-7

29
Q

This herpesvirus is responsible for Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HHV-8

30
Q

Is there a cure for herpesviruses?

A

No, only symptom management with antivirals

Phase 2 Block 1 (19 decks)

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