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Phase 2 Block 1 > Immunity to Infection > Flashcards

Immunity to Infection Flashcards

1
Q

This type of immunity relies on chemical and physical barriers, interferon system, complement system, phagocytosis/opsonization, and NK cells

A

Innate immunity

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2
Q

This type of immunity relies on antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

This is an important part of what gives the adaptive immune system the ability to respond with specificity when encountering a pathogen in the future

A

Immune memory

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4
Q

There are 4 organisms to which we can build immunity to

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Fungi

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5
Q

The first response to pathogens is mounted by the

A

Innate immune system

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6
Q

What parts of the innate immune system are involved in the immune response to viruses?

A

Cytokines and NK cells

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7
Q

What cytokines are involved in the innate response to viral infection?

A

Type I IFN (⍺ and β)
Type 2 IFN (γ)
IL-12

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8
Q

What do cytokines do?

A

Chemical messengers that cause biological response
Communicate with and outside the immune system
Involved in acute and chronic responses

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9
Q

What do NK cell do during a viral infection?

A

They kill body cells that are infected with a virus

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10
Q

What MHC class does the NK cell interact with to determine if a cell is infected?

A

MHC class I

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11
Q

What parts of the adaptive immune system are involved in the response to a virus?

A

Antibody-mediated response
Cell-mediated response

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12
Q

What is the role of antibodies in dealing with viruses?

A

Neutralization of free viruses
Opsonization of infected cells for phagocytosis by NK cell, macrophages, and neutrophils (ADCC)
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

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13
Q

This virus infects B lymphocytes

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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14
Q

These viruses (3) infect T lymphocytes

A

HIV
Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)
Measles virus

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15
Q

These viruses (2) infect macrophages

A

HIV
Cytomegalovirus

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16
Q

This virus encodes IFN-⍺ and β receptor homologs

A

Vaccinia virus; part of the poxvirus family

17
Q

What happens as a result of the vaccinia virus creating receptor homologs?

A

Binds IFN ⍺ and β, preventing it from binding to cell receptors

18
Q

This virus has a protein that blocks transport of MHC to the cell surface

A

Adenovirus makes E3 protein preventing the cell from being able to express on MHC molecules

19
Q

There are 4 innate immune responses to bacterial infection

A

Antimicrobial peptides
Complement-mediated lysis
Phagocytosis (PRRs and PAMPs interact)
Opsonization
These responses ultimately cause damage to the pathogen membrane —> pathogen death

20
Q

There are 2 antibody-mediated responses to bacteria

A

Agglutination —> blocking and neutralization of toxins
Phagocytosis (Ab mediated)

21
Q

Gram (-/+) bacteria are resistant to lysis by complement and are dealt with by ab neutralization , opsonization, and phagocytosis

A

Gram +

22
Q

Gram (-/+) bacteria are susceptible to the complement system

A

Gram -

23
Q

This bacteria is involved in TB and is handled by phagocytosis and cell-mediated response

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

24
Q

Spirochetes are handles by 3 immune mechanisms

A

Complement system
Neutralizing antibody
Cell-mediated response

25
Q

This disease is caused by the plasmodium parasite

A

Malaria

26
Q

What innate immune responses are involved in responding to parasitic infection?

A

Complement-mediated lysis
Phagocytosis (PRRs and PAMPs interactions)
Opsonization

27
Q

What adaptive immune responses are involved in responding to parasitic infection?

A

Ab mediated response
Agglutination and blocking
Phagocytosis (with ADCC)
IgE/mast cell/eosinophil response

28
Q

This disease is caused by a fungi that is part of the normal flora of oral, skin, and intestine. Likely to be found in immunocompromised hosts (AIDS pts, organ recipients)

A

Candidiasis - caused by candida albicans

29
Q

What innate immune responses are involved in responding to fungal infections?

A

Barriers (skin, normal flora)
Phagocytosis (neutrophils)
Complement system (lysis and opsonization)

30
Q

Does the adaptive immune system play a role in responding to fungal infections?

A

Yes but it’s not well understood

31
Q

What regions interact on the antibody and phagocyte to enable ADCC?

A

Fc region on the antibody (pole of the “Y”)
Fc receptor on the phagocyte

32
Q

Can all e. coli cause illness?

A

No; depends on the strain
Commonly found in the gut, most strains are harmless to humans

33
Q

How does plasmodium cause anemia?

A

Replication in RBCs —> hemolysis —> anemia

34
Q

Elevation of what 3 blood markers suggest parasitic infection?

A

Mast cells
IgE
Eosinophils

Phase 2 Block 1 (19 decks)

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