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Phase 2 Block 1 > Principles of Vaccination > Flashcards

Principles of Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of passive immunization?

A

Used post-exposure
Immediate effect
Short-term immunity

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2
Q

There are 3 types of passive immunizing agents

A

Standard immune globulins
Specific immune globulins
Antitoxin (antisera)

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3
Q

What are some examples of stand immune globulins?

A

Measles
Hep A

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4
Q

What are some examples of specific immune globulins?

A

Hep B — HBIG
Rabies — RIG
Tetanus — TIG
Varicella-Zoster — VZIG

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5
Q

What are some examples of antitoxin?

A

Botulism antitoxin
Diphtheria antitoxin

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of active immunization?

A

Usually pre-exposure
Delayed effect
Longer-lasting immunity

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7
Q

What type of immunity (active/passive) does vaccination confer?

A

Active
Administration of all or part of a pathogen to cause an immune response that mimics that of a natural infection

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8
Q

What are some contraindications for live vaccines?

A

Immunosuppression
Pregnancy
Recent administration of live vaccine

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9
Q

What vaccines are live attenuated?

A

MMR
LAIV
Rotavirus
BCG
Yellow fever
Typhoid (Ty21a
Oral polio vaccine

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10
Q

Are all vaccines contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

No
Inactivated vaccines are safe to give during this time

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11
Q

Is common illness a contraindication for immunization?

A

For common illness accompanied with fever, delay vaccine until recovered

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12
Q

Is premature birth a contraindication for vaccination?

A

No

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13
Q

What are the features of an effective vaccine?

A

Safe (few side effects)
Sustained protection
Biological stability
Ease of administration
Affordable

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14
Q

There are 3 types of vaccination programs

A

Mass vaccination
Targeted
Travel vaccination

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15
Q

How are the targets for a vaccination program decided?

A

Based on:
Availability
Harm/benefit
Cost-effectiveness

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16
Q

What are the goals of mass vaccination?

A

Vaccinate all pop and obtain herd immunity
May be rolled out initially by targeted programs

17
Q

This type of vaccination program is most likely to vary from one jurisdiction to another

A

Targeted program

18
Q

This type of vaccination program is based on a case-by-case risk assessment

A

Travel vaccination program

19
Q

Where can vaccination guidelines be found for Canada?

A

NACI — National Advisory Committee on Immunization
Prov/territorial health authorities
CIG — Canadian Immunization Guide
Travel Canada — vaccine recommendations for travel

20
Q

Although vaccination schedules are similar across Canada, there are 3 factors in which there can be some variation

A

Timing
Introduction of new vaccines
Population specific vaccination programs

21
Q

At what ages is the DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine given?

A

2/4/6/18 mo
4-6 y/o

22
Q

At what ages is the Pneumo C-13 vaccine given?

A

2/4/12 mo

23
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given?

A

12/18 mo

24
Q

At what ages is the Rot-5 vaccine given?

A

2/4/6 mo

25
Q

How early can the influenza vaccine be given to infants?

A

6mo and older

26
Q

What vaccines are administered at 2mo?

A

DTaP-IPV-Hib
Pneu C-13
Rot-5

27
Q

What vaccines are administered at 4mo?

A

DTaP-IPV-Hib
Pneu C-13
Rot-5

28
Q

What vaccines are administered at 6mo?

A

DTaP-IPV-Hib
Rot-5

29
Q

What vaccines are administered at 12mo?

A

Pneu C-13
MMR
Men-C-C

30
Q

What vaccines are administered at 18mo?

A

DTaP-IPV-Hib
MMR

31
Q

What vaccines are administered between 4-6 y/o?

A

DTaP-IPV
or
Tdap-IPV

32
Q

What are the routine vaccinations as part of the school health program?

A

Gr. 4 — Men-ACYW-135
Gr. 6 — HB, HPV-9
Gr. 9 — Tdap

33
Q

Targeted vaccination aims to protect at-risk sub-groups.
Who are often part of the targeted vaccine demographic?

A

Professional risk (first line worker)
Risk group (age, comorbidity)
Post-exposure vaccine
At risk or exposure to disease
Sometimes combined with IgG
Response to outbreak/epidemic
Catch-up vaccines (migrants w unknown vax status, delayed vax)

34
Q

What population should get the Tdap vaccine?

A

Everyone

35
Q

How often should the Tdap vaccine be given?

A

Every 10yrs booster
During pregnancy

36
Q

These vaccines should be given to those over 60 y/o and those at risk

A

Herpes Zoster
Pneumococcal

Phase 2 Block 1 (19 decks)

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