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Phase 2 Block 1 > Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Are bacillus spp. part of normal flora?

A

No, usually more associated with env

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2
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with B. Cereus?

A

GI distress, diarrhea

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3
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with B. Anthacis?

A

Depends on infection route:
Cutaneous (most common) low mortality
Ingestion
Inhalation - high mortality

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4
Q

What drug therapy are bacillus spp. intrinsically resistant to?

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

What is first line therapy against bacillus spp.?

A

Cipro

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6
Q

This bacteria is associated with food poisoning related to cheese, raw milk, poultry, and smoked salmon

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with L. Monocytogenes?

A

Gastroenteritis
Self-limiting. Fever, diarrhea
Neonatal listeriosis
Early onset - transplacental (pneumonia or sepsis)
Late onset - during birth —> meningitis

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8
Q

L. monocytogenes is susceptible to what antibiotic(s)?

A

Penicillin or Ampicillin

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9
Q

L. monocytogenes is intrinsically resistant to what antibiotic(s)?

A

All cephalosporins

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10
Q

Are corynebacterium spp. part of normal flora?

A

No

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11
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with corynebaterium spp?

A

C. Diphtheria
Resp: sore throat, “Bull neck”, neuro symptoms
Cutaneous: Ulcerative lesion
C. Urealyticum
Chronic UTIs in elders, esp IC

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12
Q

What drug(s) are corynebacterium intrinsically resistant to?

A

Penicillin
Macrolides
Septra

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13
Q

What drug(s) are used first line against corynebacterium?

A

Erythromycin and IgG antitoxin

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14
Q

Are Nocardia spp. part of normal flora?

A

No, found in soil and water

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15
Q

Nocardia spp. have generally low virulence but have tropism for what tissue?

A

Neuronal tissues

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16
Q

What are the pulmonary S&S associated with Nocardia spp. infection?

A

Acute flu like and non-specific
Relapsing bronchopneumonia

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17
Q

What are the cutaneous S&S associated with Nocardia spp. infection?

A

Primary - may cause ulcerations
Mycetoma - pustules, fever, chronic
Lymphocutaneous - sporotrichoid-like rash

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18
Q

What 2 signs point towards Nocardia spp. infection?

A

Abscesses in lungs AND brain

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19
Q

What is the gram strain and morphology of nocardia spp.?

A

Gram (+) with branching/beaded appearance

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20
Q

What drug(s) are Nocardia spp. resistant to?

A

Penicillin

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21
Q

What drug(s) are Nocardia spp. susceptible to?

A

Septra

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22
Q

Metronidazole is commonly used to treat anaerobic bacterial infections. Which bacteria are exceptions to this?

A

Cutibacterium spp
Actinomyces spp

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23
Q

This bacteria is opportunistic and needs to produce toxins to be considered pathogenic

A

Clostridioides difficile

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24
Q

C. Diff has intrinsic resistances to which drug(s)?

A

Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones

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25
Q

What is the first line therapy for C. Diff?

A

Supportive tx
D/c Abx
Metronidazole if systemic
Oral Vanco if recurrent

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26
Q

What is the gold standard for C. Tetani diagnosis?

A

Toxin detection and PCR

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27
Q

What antibiotics is C. Tetani intrinsically resistant to?

A

Aminoglycosides

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28
Q

What is the first line therapy for C. Tetani?

A

Penicillin + human tetanus IgG
Tx based on exposure hx and vax status

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29
Q

What is the clinical disease associated with C. Botulinum?

A

Sudden flaccid paralysis

30
Q

How is C. Botulinum transmitted?

A

Food contamination
“Black tar heroin”
For infants: honey, milk powder
Inhalation (bioterrorism)

31
Q

What is the gold standard for C. Botulinum diagnosis?

A

Toxin detection and PCR

32
Q

What is the 1st line therapy for C. Botulinum?

A

Ventilatory support
Antitoxin
IgG for infants

33
Q

This bacteria is associated with food poisoning, gas gangrene, and enteritis necroticans

A

C. Perfringens

34
Q

C. Perfrigens can make 5 types of toxins. Which is the most common and associated with gas gangrene?

A

Alpha

35
Q

These Clostridia species are associated with gas gangrene

A

C. Septicum
C. Sordellii (uterine)
C. Perfingens (Fourniers; typically polymicrobial)

36
Q

What kind of medium does C. Perfringens grow in?

A

Anaerobic only

37
Q

What is the management for gas gangrene?

A

High dose abx (penicillin or clindamycin)

38
Q

What abx is C. Perfringens intrinsically resistant to?

A

Aminoglycosides

39
Q

This bacteria (genus) is associated with acne in teenagers and shoulder revisions

A

Cutibacterium spp.

40
Q

What abx is Cutibacterium spp. resistant to?

A

Metronidazole
Tetracycline
Macrolide

41
Q

What is the first line tx for Cutibacterium spp.?

A

Penicillin or Doxycycline

42
Q

This bacteria is associated with poor dental hygiene or trauma (IUD)

A

Actinomyces spp.

43
Q

What is the most commonly seen Actinomyces spp?

A

A. israelii

44
Q

What drug(s) is actinomyces spp. resistant to?

A

Metronidazole

45
Q

What is the 1st line therapy for Actinomyces?

A

High dose penicillin

46
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with Bacteroides spp.?

A

Abdominal infections (bacteria’s abscesses, SSTIs)

47
Q

Is Bacteroides spp. part of normal flora?

A

Yes; GI, oral, and vaginal tract

48
Q

What drug(s) is bactericides spp. resistant to?

A

Penicillin and ampicillin

49
Q

What drug(s) are 1st line for tx of bacteroides?

A

Metronidazole

50
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with F. Nucelatum?

A

Oral/dental infections
Bite infection

51
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with F. Necrophorum?

A

Pharyngotonsillitis (peds)
Lemierre’s disease - infectious thrombophlebitis of internal jugular

52
Q

What drug(s) is Fuscobacterium resistant to?

A

None

53
Q

What is the first line therapy for Fuscobacterium?

A

Metronidazole

54
Q

There are 3 clinically important spp of Chlamydia

A

C. Trachomatis
C. Psittaci
C. Pneumoniae

55
Q

This intracellular bacteria causes a flu-like condition transmitted from exposure to parrots

A

C. Psittaci

56
Q

This spp. of Chlamydia is the most common STI in Canada

A

C. Trachomatis

57
Q

C. Trachomatis is usually asymptomatic, but when it isn’t what are the possible clinical presentations of this illness?

A

Urethritis
Conjunctivitis
Reiter’s (rare) - reactive arthritis ie inflammatory arthritis secondary to infection elsewhere in the body

58
Q

What is the first line therapy for Chlamydia spp?

A

Azithromycin or Doxycycline

59
Q

What serogroup is most common for legionella pneumophilia?

A

Serogroup 1

60
Q

This bacteria is associated with contaminated water systems in hospital outbreaks

A

Legionella pneumophilia

61
Q

This is a pneumonia-like illness associated with the legionella pneumophilia bacteria

A

Legionnaire’s disease

62
Q

This method of diagnosing leginella pneumophilia is highly specific but only detects serogroup 1

A

Antigen testing via urine

63
Q

What drug(s) is L. Pneumophilia resistant to?

A

None

64
Q

What is first line therapy against L. Pneumophilia?

A

Azithromycin

65
Q

Spirochetes are involved in what major illnesses? What bacteria cause them?

A

Syphilis treponema pallidum
Lyme disease borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospirosis leptospiria interrogans

66
Q

If syphilis is left untreated, how many stages does it progress through?

A

5 stages: Primary —> secondary —> early latent —> late latent —> tertiary

67
Q

A target shaped rash is characteristic of Lyme disease. What bacteria causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

68
Q

What diagnostic method is used to identify spirochete bacteria like those involved in syphilis, lime disease, and leptospirosis

A

Serology - looking for antibodies against the bacteria

69
Q

What drug(s) are used for treponema pallidum?

A

Penicillin

70
Q

What drug(s) are 1st line for tx of borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Doxycycline

71
Q

What drug(s) are 1st line for tx of leptospirosis?

A

Penicillin

Phase 2 Block 1 (19 decks)

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