RNA Virus Flashcards
Positive stranded RNA virus
Calcified emporor Pico is wearing a Corona and Toga eating Flavorful grapes in a Retro bowl
1) Calici
2) Picorna
3) Corona
4) Toga
5) Flavi
6) Retro
Negative stranded RNA virus
Old Pete’s Rhabid dog Filo fights paul Bunyan in the Arena
1) Orthomyxo
2) Paramyxo
3) Rhabdo
4) Filo
5) Bunya
6) Arena
DS RNA virus
Reoviridae
Class of Icosahedral nucleocapsid, non-enveloped, Positive single strand RNA viruses
Picornaviridae
Picornaviridae Enterovirus
1) Poliovirus
2) Coxsackieviruses A & B
3) Hepatitis A virus
4) Echovirus
How is polio transferred?
1) Fecal-oral
How does the poliovirus infect?
1) Travels GI tract and infects in small intestine
2) Replicates in submucosal lymphoid tissue (peyer’s patches or tonsils)
3) Spreads to the CNS by retrograde transport in peripheral nerves
4) Causes damage to the anterior horn and peripheral nerves
Inactivated Polio vaccine; Oral polio vaccine
1) Salk vaccine
2) Sabin vaccine (live, attenuated)
Cause of hand-foot-mouth disease
Coxsackievirus A (Picornaviridae enterovirus)
Vesicles on hands, feet and mouth; usually occurs in children; may have fever and sore throat
Hand foot mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus A
Causes of palm and sole rash?
1) Coxsackievirus
2) Rocky Mountain spotted Fever
3) Syphilis
Most common causes of aseptic meningitis
1) Coxsackievirus
2) Echovirus
3) Mumps virus
How is Coxsackie virus transmitted?
1) Fecal oral
2) Aerosol
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Fecal oral transmission
How does Hepatitis A progress?
1) Acutely and Asymptomatic (anicteric)
2) Self-limited
Picornaviridae structure
1) Icosahedral
2) Naked
3) Positive single stranded
How does Rhinovirus infect?
1) Spreads by contact and aerosol
2) Binds to ICAM-1 on respiratory tract epithelial cells
3) Infects and causes increase in ICAM-1 expression
What does Rhinovirus bind to in order to infect the respiratory epithelium?
1) ICAM-1
Norwalk virus
Caliciviridae
Group of people come in after attending a cruise develop nausea and abdominal pains. Soon after the onset of pain they begin to vomit; self-limiting
Norwalk virus
What must you look out for if you have a pregnant woman with HEV?
1) lookout for fulminate hepatitis
Rotavirus
Coltivirus
Reoviridae (ds RNA virus)
Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children
Rotavirus (Reoviridae)
3 yr old has vomiting and diarrhea. Diarrhea is watery. Diagnosed using ELISA
Rotavirus (Reoviridae- dsRNA virus)
Differential for a pt. coming in after hiking that presents with fever, myalgias, ocular pain, and headache; transferred by tick
1) Reoviridae Coltivrus (Colorado Tick Virus)
2) Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Ricket ricketssia; palm and sole rash)
3) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
What are the Arborviruses?
1) Togaviridae
2) Flaviviridae
3) Bunyaviridae
What is the carrier for Togaviridae alpha virus?
1) Birds and Horses
What Togaviridae has the greatest mortality rate?
EEE>WEE>VEE
1) EEE (eastern Equine Encephalitis)
2) WEE
3) VEE
Positive SS RNA virus that causes encephalitis?
Togaviridae alpha virus
1) EEE > WEE > VEE
Pt. presents with fever, headache, and feeling weak. Bright light irritating and pain on eye movement, Weakness of right leg, decreased DTRs; Positive lumbar puncture with viral RNA. What does this pt. have? How did they get it?
1) Poliomyelitis (Picorno- + ssRNA)
2) Fecal-oral transmission
What are the segmented viruses?
think: BOAR (note: they are all RNA)
1) Bunya
2) Orthomyxo
3) Arena
4) Reo
How do Picornaviruses replicate?
1) RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins
What are the viruses that make up Picornavirus class?
think: PERCH
1) Poliovirus
2) Echovirus
3) Rhinovirus
4) Coxsackie virus
5) HAV
What are the naked RNA viruse?
Think: CPR
1) Calci
2) Picorna
3) Reo
What picornavirus is acid labile?
Rhinovirus
Flavivirus transmitted by mosquito; causes high fever, black vomit, and jaundice
Yellow Fever
Most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis
Rotavirus (Reovirus)
What virus make up the paramyxo virus class?
think: PaRaMyxo
1) Parainfluenzae (cause of croup)
2) RSV (cause of bronchiolitis & common cold in babies)
3) Rubeola virus (cause of measels)
4) Mumps
What is the treatment for RSV?
think: Rsv
1) Ribavirin
What is a calci virus?
Norovirus
What is a filo virus
Ebola virus
What are pt. with influenza at risk for as a complication?
1) Suprainfection by bacteria which could be fatal
Reassortment of viral genome
Genetic shift
Minor changes based on random mutation
Genetic drift
What is worse genetic shift or drift?
1) Genetic shift (causes pandemics)
2) Genetic drift can cause epidemics but is not as serious
What class is the rubella virus in?
Togaviridae (+ ssRNA)
Fever, postauricular adenopathy, arthralgias, truncal rash that starts at head and moves down; can cause serious congenital disease
Rubella
Koplick spots, rash that presents at head and descends
Measels (Rubeola virus- Paraymxo)
Red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa
Koplick spots (Rubeola virus-Measels-Paramyxo)
Symptoms of Mumps infection (Paramyxo neg. ssRNA)
think: POM-poms
1) Parotitis
2) Orchitis (can cause sterility if older than teenager)
3) Meningitis (aseptic)
Bullet shaped virus; presence of negri bides in neurons
Rabies (Rhabdo neg. ssRNA)
Fever, malaise, agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, can lead to paralysis and death
Rabies
What diseases do the Flavi viruses cause?
1) Yellow fever
2) HCV
3) West Nile virus
How is HIV diagnosed?
1) ELISA (high sensitivity)
2) Western blot
3) HIV viral load
What is the result of a hanta virus (bunya- neg. ssRNA) infection
Rapidly evolving pulmonary edema, dyspnea, can be fatal
What are the 3 HIV structural genes?
1) Env gene –> form envelope protein (gp120 and gp41)
2) gag gene –> p24
3) pol gene –> reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease
What does HIV bind to on a macrophage? CD4 T cell?
1) CCR5
2) CCR5 or CXCR4
What is the function of the following proteins involved with HIV:
1) gp120
2) gp41
3) p24
1) Docking and attachment to CD4 T cell
2) Fusion and entry into cell
3) Capsid protein
What are the only two viral classes that undergo genomic shift?
1) Orthomyxo and Reo (both have multiple segments)
What is required for genetic drift?
Point mutations
What does gp160 is derived from what gene? What does it become after being cleaved in the ER?
1) env gene
2) gp41 and gp120
Why does HCV (togavirus- +ssRNA) demonstrate significant variability?
1) RNA dependent RNA polymerase that lacks 3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity
2) Results in errors during replication that produces several dozen subspecies of hepatitis C virus with different envelope glycoprotein
