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Microbiology > RNA Virus > Flashcards

RNA Virus Flashcards

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1
Q

Positive stranded RNA virus

A

Calcified emporor Pico is wearing a Corona and Toga eating Flavorful grapes in a Retro bowl

1) Calici
2) Picorna
3) Corona
4) Toga
5) Flavi
6) Retro

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2
Q

Negative stranded RNA virus

A

Old Pete’s Rhabid dog Filo fights paul Bunyan in the Arena

1) Orthomyxo
2) Paramyxo
3) Rhabdo
4) Filo
5) Bunya
6) Arena

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3
Q

DS RNA virus

A

Reoviridae

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4
Q

Class of Icosahedral nucleocapsid, non-enveloped, Positive single strand RNA viruses

A

Picornaviridae

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5
Q

Picornaviridae Enterovirus

A

1) Poliovirus
2) Coxsackieviruses A & B
3) Hepatitis A virus
4) Echovirus

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6
Q

How is polio transferred?

A

1) Fecal-oral

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7
Q

How does the poliovirus infect?

A

1) Travels GI tract and infects in small intestine
2) Replicates in submucosal lymphoid tissue (peyer’s patches or tonsils)
3) Spreads to the CNS by retrograde transport in peripheral nerves
4) Causes damage to the anterior horn and peripheral nerves

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8
Q

Inactivated Polio vaccine; Oral polio vaccine

A

1) Salk vaccine

2) Sabin vaccine (live, attenuated)

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9
Q

Cause of hand-foot-mouth disease

A

Coxsackievirus A (Picornaviridae enterovirus)

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10
Q

Vesicles on hands, feet and mouth; usually occurs in children; may have fever and sore throat

A

Hand foot mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus A

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11
Q

Causes of palm and sole rash?

A

1) Coxsackievirus
2) Rocky Mountain spotted Fever
3) Syphilis

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12
Q

Most common causes of aseptic meningitis

A

1) Coxsackievirus
2) Echovirus
3) Mumps virus

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13
Q

How is Coxsackie virus transmitted?

A

1) Fecal oral

2) Aerosol

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14
Q

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

A

Fecal oral transmission

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15
Q

How does Hepatitis A progress?

A

1) Acutely and Asymptomatic (anicteric)

2) Self-limited

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16
Q

Picornaviridae structure

A

1) Icosahedral
2) Naked
3) Positive single stranded

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17
Q

How does Rhinovirus infect?

A

1) Spreads by contact and aerosol
2) Binds to ICAM-1 on respiratory tract epithelial cells
3) Infects and causes increase in ICAM-1 expression

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18
Q

What does Rhinovirus bind to in order to infect the respiratory epithelium?

A

1) ICAM-1

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19
Q

Norwalk virus

A

Caliciviridae

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20
Q

Group of people come in after attending a cruise develop nausea and abdominal pains. Soon after the onset of pain they begin to vomit; self-limiting

A

Norwalk virus

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21
Q

What must you look out for if you have a pregnant woman with HEV?

A

1) lookout for fulminate hepatitis

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22
Q

Rotavirus

Coltivirus

A

Reoviridae (ds RNA virus)

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23
Q

Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children

A

Rotavirus (Reoviridae)

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24
Q

3 yr old has vomiting and diarrhea. Diarrhea is watery. Diagnosed using ELISA

A

Rotavirus (Reoviridae- dsRNA virus)

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25
Q

Differential for a pt. coming in after hiking that presents with fever, myalgias, ocular pain, and headache; transferred by tick

A

1) Reoviridae Coltivrus (Colorado Tick Virus)
2) Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Ricket ricketssia; palm and sole rash)
3) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)

26
Q

What are the Arborviruses?

A

1) Togaviridae
2) Flaviviridae
3) Bunyaviridae

27
Q

What is the carrier for Togaviridae alpha virus?

A

1) Birds and Horses

28
Q

What Togaviridae has the greatest mortality rate?

A

EEE>WEE>VEE

1) EEE (eastern Equine Encephalitis)
2) WEE
3) VEE

29
Q

Positive SS RNA virus that causes encephalitis?

A

Togaviridae alpha virus

1) EEE > WEE > VEE

30
Q

Pt. presents with fever, headache, and feeling weak. Bright light irritating and pain on eye movement, Weakness of right leg, decreased DTRs; Positive lumbar puncture with viral RNA. What does this pt. have? How did they get it?

A

1) Poliomyelitis (Picorno- + ssRNA)

2) Fecal-oral transmission

31
Q

What are the segmented viruses?

A

think: BOAR (note: they are all RNA)
1) Bunya
2) Orthomyxo
3) Arena
4) Reo

32
Q

How do Picornaviruses replicate?

A

1) RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins

33
Q

What are the viruses that make up Picornavirus class?

A

think: PERCH
1) Poliovirus
2) Echovirus
3) Rhinovirus
4) Coxsackie virus
5) HAV

34
Q

What are the naked RNA viruse?

A

Think: CPR

1) Calci
2) Picorna
3) Reo

35
Q

What picornavirus is acid labile?

A

Rhinovirus

36
Q

Flavivirus transmitted by mosquito; causes high fever, black vomit, and jaundice

A

Yellow Fever

37
Q

Most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis

A

Rotavirus (Reovirus)

38
Q

What virus make up the paramyxo virus class?

A

think: PaRaMyxo
1) Parainfluenzae (cause of croup)
2) RSV (cause of bronchiolitis & common cold in babies)
3) Rubeola virus (cause of measels)
4) Mumps

39
Q

What is the treatment for RSV?

A

think: Rsv

1) Ribavirin

40
Q

What is a calci virus?

A

Norovirus

41
Q

What is a filo virus

A

Ebola virus

42
Q

What are pt. with influenza at risk for as a complication?

A

1) Suprainfection by bacteria which could be fatal

43
Q

Reassortment of viral genome

A

Genetic shift

44
Q

Minor changes based on random mutation

A

Genetic drift

45
Q

What is worse genetic shift or drift?

A

1) Genetic shift (causes pandemics)

2) Genetic drift can cause epidemics but is not as serious

46
Q

What class is the rubella virus in?

A

Togaviridae (+ ssRNA)

47
Q

Fever, postauricular adenopathy, arthralgias, truncal rash that starts at head and moves down; can cause serious congenital disease

A

Rubella

48
Q

Koplick spots, rash that presents at head and descends

A

Measels (Rubeola virus- Paraymxo)

49
Q

Red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa

A

Koplick spots (Rubeola virus-Measels-Paramyxo)

50
Q

Symptoms of Mumps infection (Paramyxo neg. ssRNA)

A

think: POM-poms
1) Parotitis
2) Orchitis (can cause sterility if older than teenager)
3) Meningitis (aseptic)

51
Q

Bullet shaped virus; presence of negri bides in neurons

A

Rabies (Rhabdo neg. ssRNA)

52
Q

Fever, malaise, agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, can lead to paralysis and death

A

Rabies

53
Q

What diseases do the Flavi viruses cause?

A

1) Yellow fever
2) HCV
3) West Nile virus

54
Q

How is HIV diagnosed?

A

1) ELISA (high sensitivity)
2) Western blot
3) HIV viral load

55
Q

What is the result of a hanta virus (bunya- neg. ssRNA) infection

A

Rapidly evolving pulmonary edema, dyspnea, can be fatal

56
Q

What are the 3 HIV structural genes?

A

1) Env gene –> form envelope protein (gp120 and gp41)
2) gag gene –> p24
3) pol gene –> reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease

57
Q

What does HIV bind to on a macrophage? CD4 T cell?

A

1) CCR5

2) CCR5 or CXCR4

58
Q

What is the function of the following proteins involved with HIV:

1) gp120
2) gp41
3) p24

A

1) Docking and attachment to CD4 T cell
2) Fusion and entry into cell
3) Capsid protein

59
Q

What are the only two viral classes that undergo genomic shift?

A

1) Orthomyxo and Reo (both have multiple segments)

60
Q

What is required for genetic drift?

A

Point mutations

61
Q

What does gp160 is derived from what gene? What does it become after being cleaved in the ER?

A

1) env gene

2) gp41 and gp120

62
Q

Why does HCV (togavirus- +ssRNA) demonstrate significant variability?

A

1) RNA dependent RNA polymerase that lacks 3’ -> 5’ exonuclease activity
2) Results in errors during replication that produces several dozen subspecies of hepatitis C virus with different envelope glycoprotein

Microbiology (10 decks)

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