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Other Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the life cycle of Chlamydia?

A

1) Elementary Body - metabolically inert, infectious particle; EB inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion
2) Reticulate body - synthesizes its own DNA, but requires ATP from host

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2
Q

What are the clinical features of Chlamydia infection?

A

1) Conjunctivitis
2) Cervicitis
3) Atypical Pneumonia (Caused by C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae)

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3
Q

What does Chlamydia trachomatis infect?

A

1) Eyes ( can cause blindness) - A-C

2) Genitals - D-K

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4
Q

How does Chlamydia trachomatis cause blindness?

A

1) Passed from hand to hand
2) Conjunctiva scars and pulls inward
3) Eyelashes rub cornea and cause scaring

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5
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis may also be passed to babies delivered through infected birth canal. These babies develop ________.

A

1) Inclusion conjunctivits

2) Treated with erythromycin drops

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6
Q

Carried by birds, spread by feces through air, microorganism enters UR and invades blood via alveoli

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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7
Q

What are the two responses to mycobacterium leprae?

A

1) tuberculoid leprosy (strong immune response) - Granuloma formation limits spread, localized damage to superficial nerves
2) lepromatous leprosy ( weak immune response) - host defense is unable to prevent spread, inflammatory damage at cooler skin, causes sensory loss

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8
Q

Acid fast, thin rods, non-motile, obligate aerobe, grows at low temperatures

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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9
Q

What causes cells to be acid fast?

A

1) Presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

2) renders cell resistance to phagocytosis

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10
Q

Bacteria that cause the formation of caseous granulomas within the lungs

A

Myobacterium tuberculosis

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11
Q

Findings of a Primary TB infection

A

1) Ghon complex (granuloma + hilar lymph nodes)

2) Fibrotic calcified scars

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12
Q

Findings of a Secondary TB infection

A

1) Cavitations in lungs due to large granulomas

2) May disseminate (miliary TB)

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13
Q

How do you treat a M. tuberculosis infection?

A

RIPES

1) Rifampin
2) Isoniazid (INH)
3) Pyrazinamide
4) Ethambutol
5) Streptomycin

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14
Q

Microorganism carried in cattle that survives as a spore; causes Q fever, atypical pneumonia; does not cause rash

A

Coxiella burnetii

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15
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite that replicates freely in the cytoplasm; transmitted by louse; organism infects endothelial cells; + Weil-Felix test; causes rash on trunk and spreads outward; common in trench warfare

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

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16
Q

Cause of Brill-Zinsser Disease. What are the symptoms?

A

1) Rickettsia prowazekii
2) Typhus
3) Reinfection of latent organism

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17
Q

Maculopapular rash on palms and soles that spreds to the trunk; wide spread vasculitis causing fever and headache

A

1) Rocky mountain spotted fever

2) Caused by Ricketssia rickettsii

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18
Q

Test that uses Proteus vulgaris antigens to diagnose Rickettsia

A

Weil-Felix Test

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19
Q

What is the cause of Lyme’s disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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20
Q

What are complications of infection from Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

think: FAKE a key lyme pie
1) Erythema (annular red rash with clear center)
2) CNS: Bell’s palsy, aseptic meningitis, peripheral neuropathy
3) CV: carditis, AV nodal block
4) Joints: migratory myalgias

21
Q

Cause of relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

22
Q

Why does Borrelia recurrentis cause relapsing fever?

A

1) It is due to its antigenic variation in its outer membrane

23
Q

What are the clinical stages of Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

A

1) Primary syphilis = painless chancre
2) Secondary syphilis = condyloma lata, maculopapular rash on palms and soles; meningitis
3) Tertiary syphilis = gummas (granulomas of the soft tissue and bone)
4) Can also cause Ascending aortic aneurysm (tree bark appearance)

24
Q

What is used to diagnose Treponema pallidum

A

1) VDRL (veneral disease researhc lab test) (nonspecific)
2) FTA-ABS (Fluoresence Trepenoma antibody) (specific)
3) RPR (Rapid plasma reagin test) (nonspecific)

25
Q

Motile spirochete with 2 periplasmic flagella with hooked ends that appear as ice tongs

A

Leptospira interrogans

26
Q

Bacteria with no cell wall that causes walking pneumonia; fried- egg appearance on serology; beta lactam resistant

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

27
Q

How does Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause atypical pneumonia?

A

It inhibits the motion of cilia causing inflammation

28
Q

What is a finding used for diagnosis related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Cold aggluttin test- B cells produce antibodies that may autoreact with erythrocytes

29
Q

Treatment for Chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin

30
Q

Treatment for Rickettsia rickettsii

A

1) Doxycycline (do not give to younger than 18)

2) Chloramphenicol (alternative for doxycycline)

31
Q

Homeless man enters with wasting and fever. Chronic cough, bloody sputum and night sweats. Positive acid fast staining

A

Myobacterium tuberculosis

32
Q

Treatment for Trepenoma pallidum (syphilis)?

A

Penicilin G

33
Q

Treatment for Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

1) Erythromycin (macrolide)

2) Tetracycline

34
Q

What is an RPR test? What is it testing for?

A

1) Addition of cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol to serum; positive if floculation (aggregation) occurs
2) Tests for trepenoma

35
Q

What is the MOA of Rifampicin?

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase

36
Q

What is the MOA of Ethambutol

A

Inhibits arabinosyl transferase resulting in the inhibition of carbohydrate polymerization

37
Q

What is the MOA of Isoniazid

A

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

38
Q

What is the MOA of streptomycin

A

Inhibition of 30s ribosome (aminoglyside)

39
Q

Adverse effects of ethambutol

A

Optic neuritis

40
Q

Adverse effects of isoniazid

A

1) Liver toxicity

2) Peripheral neuropathy

41
Q

Prophylaxis against myobacterium avium complex?

A

Azithromycin

42
Q

When is Myobacterium avium complex most commonly cause infx?

A

In HIV with CD4 counts less than 50

45
Q

What must Myobacterium have in order to cause disease?

A

1) Cord factor

46
Q

MOA of Pyrazinamide

A

1) Works best at an acidic pH

2) Works well against engulfed TB

47
Q

Acid fast bacilli that grows at 41 C and when CD4 count <50

A

Myobacterium avium complex

48
Q

What do the presence of Myobacterium growing in serpentine cords indicate?

A

1) Presence of Mycoside (cord factor)

2) Indicates virulence

49
Q

What is the only bacteria that requires cholesterol to grow on media?

A

Mycoplasma

50
Q

Pt. complains of chronic dry nagging cough, low grade fever, and malaise; X-ray looks much worse than the pt. appears clinically

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Microbiology (10 decks)

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