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Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fungi located in the Ohio-Mississippi river valley that produces calcifications and caseating granulomas, also causes pneumonia like symptoms; Dimorphic

A

Histoplasmosis

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2
Q

Fungi located in the central and southeastern United states that produces calcifications and suppurlative caseating granulomas; acquired by inhaling soil and rotten wood; broad based budding yeast; most commonly disseminates

A

Blastomycosis

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3
Q

Fungi located in the southwestern united states that produces calcifications and superlative caseating granulomas; Appears as spherules on microscopy; non-budding

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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4
Q

Most common fungi to affect the oral cavity

A

Candida albicans

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5
Q

Fungi-like bacteria

A

Actinomyces and Nocardia

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6
Q

What are the two growth forms fungi exist in?

A

1) Yeast

2) Mold (Hyphae septate or non-septate)

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7
Q

What molecule is important in the cell membranes of fungi?

A

1) Ergosterol

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8
Q

What is the target of drugs against fungi?

A

1) Ergosterol

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9
Q

Fungi that presents as subcutaneous nodules that occur due to trauma (rose thorn prick); secondary ndoules form along the lymphatic tract draining primary infection

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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10
Q

Subcutaneous nodule caused by a rose thorn prick

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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11
Q

Fungi that attack systemically; inhale spores from bird droppings; macrophates phagocytize spores and carry systemically; results in granulomas; common in Mississippi/Ohio river valley

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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12
Q

What occurs when Histoplasma capsulatum are located within the macrophages?

A

1) They replicate as budding yeast

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13
Q

Chicken farmer presents from the Ohio River valley with pneumonia like symptoms, Granulomas appear with small calcium deposits on x-ray; after tissue biopsy yeast was found within macrophages

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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14
Q

Fungi that resides in the soil as arthrospores, once inhaled become spherules and then infective endospores; may result in granulomas throughout the body

A

Coccidioides immitis

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15
Q

Spherules continaing endospores

A

Coccidioides

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16
Q

Old man visits Death valley. Upon returning from visit he has arthalgia, periarticular swellings, and erythema nodosum. Xray reveals granulomas in lungs

A

Coccidioides immitis

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17
Q

Fungi that when haled stimulates an IgE response? What is the name of this response?

A

1) Aspergillus fumigatus

2) Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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18
Q

What is the result of an Aspergillus infection if there was previous history of TB

A

1) Aspergillus grow within the cavity

2) Formation of an aspergilloma

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19
Q

What occurs in an immunocompromised pt. who gets Aspergillus?

A

1) Aspergillus will enter the lung and invade the tissue

2) Occludes blood vessels and causes pulmonary infarction

20
Q

What molecule is released by Aspergillus that is believed to be carcinogenic to the liver?

A

Alfatoxin

21
Q

Tinea cruces

A

Jock itch

22
Q

Yeast found in pigeon droppings that is inhaled and becomes pneumonia, may spread hematogenously causing meningitis; prevalent in immunosuppresed pt

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

23
Q

What are the four opportunistic fungi?

A

1) pneumocystis jirovecii
2) Candida albicans
3) Cryptococcus neoformans
4) aspergillus fumigatus

24
Q

Bird keeper presents with headache and stiff neck. Ct shows ring like lesions in brain and lumbar puncture reveals increased CSF pressure and encapsulated yeast

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

25
Q

Systemic granulomas caused by inhaled fungal spore which become yeast; common In southeastern u.s.a

A

Blastomycesdermatitidis

26
Q

Rarest yet most severe form of systemic fungal disease

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

27
Q

What fungi cause a systemic mycoses

A

1) blastomyces dermatitidis
2) coccidiosis
3) histoplasmosis

28
Q

What does Candida albicans cause in a normal host? In an immunocompromised host?

A

1) oral thrush and vaginitis

2) esophagitis and systemic infection

29
Q

How do amphotericin B and nystatin work? (Polyenes)

A

1) Work by binding to ergosterol and creating pores

30
Q

How to the triazoles work to destroy fungi?

A

1) Work by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis

31
Q

How do caspofungin and micafungin work?

A

1) Work by inhbiting glucan synthesis

32
Q

Fungi that have cysts (containing dark oval bodies) inhaled in childhood, asymptomatic pneumonia; latent infection in lungs in immunocompromised; silver stain

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

33
Q

Treatment Pneumocystis jiroveciii

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

34
Q

MOA of Caspofungin

A

1) Blocks glucan synthesis

2) Effective against Candida and Aspergillus

35
Q

MOA of Amphotercin B

A

Binds to ergosterol and causes pore formation

36
Q

MOA of azoles

A

Inhbition of ergosterol synthesis

37
Q

Adverse effect of amphothercin B

A

Nephrotoxic

38
Q

“Germ tubes” at 37 C; yeast at other temps

A

Candida albicans

39
Q

When does Candida cause vaginitis occur most frequently?

A

1) When flora is decreased (decreased gram pos. bacteria)

2) Immunosuppresion

40
Q

Treatment for Candida vaginitis

A

Fluconazole

41
Q

Transparent capsules observed on india ink stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

42
Q

Pt. with a history of immunocompromised state comes in complaining of headache, fever, lethargy; CSF has increased protein and decreased glucose; india ink stain shows transparent capsules

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

43
Q

Budding yeast with thick capsule

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

44
Q

Ovoid cells within macrophages

A

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

45
Q

Mucicarmine

A

Cryptococcus neofromans

Microbiology (10 decks)

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