RNA Synthesis - Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

To rewrite in the same language.

A

Transcription - DNA->RNA

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2
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

In the nuclear envelope.

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3
Q

Sequence of transcription?

A

DNA-PreMRNA-MRNA-RIBOSOME-POLYPEPTIDE

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4
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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5
Q

Where does the process take place in bacteria?

A

All in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

Rna is a:

A

Polymer of nucleotides

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7
Q

How is it related to DNA?

A

Structurally - Ribose not Deoxyribose (OH on 2’C)

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8
Q

What is the main difference in makeup between RNA and DNA?

A

RNA Does NOT contain Thymine.

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9
Q

What is used in place of thymine?

A

Uracil - similar, without methyl group

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10
Q

What does Uracil pair with then?

A

UA - Uracil Adenine

GC - Guanine Cytosine

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11
Q

What are the products of RNA synthesis known as?

A

Transcripts

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12
Q

rRNA?

A

rRNA - ribosomal - catalyze reaction

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13
Q

tRNA?

A

Transfer - carry amino acids

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14
Q

mRNA?

A

Message/Messenger RNA - carries information from the gene

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15
Q

The template for RNA?

A

DNA!

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16
Q

The template is read to make..

A

Pre-mRNA

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17
Q

Immature Pre-mRNA then leaves…

A

Leaves the nucleus to be transcribed

18
Q

The first phase on transcription?

A

Initiation

19
Q

A promoter (the starter) includes:

A

TATA Box (Encoding Sequence)

20
Q

Strands run

21
Q

Just past TATA…

A

Encoding sequence

22
Q

If these are missing the process can’t begin.

A

Transcription Factors

23
Q

Transcription factors….

A

Bind TATA Box & Promotor

24
Q

When the right transcription factor is present in the right __________ the process can start.

A

Combination! Like a keypad. Spy games.

25
This enzyme binds to & docks to the TF and unwinds the double helix.
RNA Polymerase
26
RNA polymerase adds ________ to the growing RNA strand.
Ribonucleotides
27
RNA Polymerase adds from the __ end.
3'
28
T/F Topoisomerase is present in RNA transcription.
FALSE - small thin bubble with no pressure!
29
Once the RNA is done synthesizing the 2 DNA strands will..
Reanneal
30
We now have 2 identical strands except __ instead of __
U instead of T
31
When does it stop?
When it hits the termination sequence! mRNA will be released
32
Is the pre-RNA strand ready to go?
No. Needs a 5' cap, and a 3' poly-a Tail
33
The 5' Cap is composed of:
Methylated GTP (Backwards! G-P-P-P)
34
What is the purpose of the 5' end?
Protects from degradation & facilitates binding
35
Why does the 5' end facilitate binding?
Ribosomes will recognize 5' end and bind to them
36
The 3' Poly-A Tail adds:
50-200 Adenine Nucleotides
37
The more A's on the end...
The longer the life!
38
Now capped'n'tailed are they ready to go?
NO! Still not ready to leave nucleus!
39
These exist as interfering RNA which have gotten in the way & have to be removed.
Introns
40
These are useful segments which need to be kept!
Exons
41
What will happen to introns?
Enzyme will cut & reattach (SPLICING)
42
Once capped, tailed, introns removed we have:
Mature mRNA Which can leave!! Can be transported into cytoplasm.