RNA Synthesis - Transcription

Question 1

To rewrite in the same language.

Answer 1

Transcription - DNA->RNA

Question 2

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 2

In the nuclear envelope.

Question 3

Sequence of transcription?

Answer 3

DNA-PreMRNA-MRNA-RIBOSOME-POLYPEPTIDE

Question 4

Where does translation take place?

Answer 4

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 5

Where does the process take place in bacteria?

Answer 5

All in the cytoplasm

Question 6

Rna is a:

Answer 6

Polymer of nucleotides

Question 7

How is it related to DNA?

Answer 7

Structurally - Ribose not Deoxyribose (OH on 2’C)

Question 8

What is the main difference in makeup between RNA and DNA?

Answer 8

RNA Does NOT contain Thymine.

Question 9

What is used in place of thymine?

Answer 9

Uracil - similar, without methyl group

Question 10

What does Uracil pair with then?

Answer 10

UA - Uracil Adenine

GC - Guanine Cytosine

Question 11

What are the products of RNA synthesis known as?

Answer 11

Transcripts

Question 12

rRNA?

Answer 12

rRNA - ribosomal - catalyze reaction

Question 13

tRNA?

Answer 13

Transfer - carry amino acids

Question 14

mRNA?

Answer 14

Message/Messenger RNA - carries information from the gene

Question 15

The template for RNA?

Answer 15

DNA!

Question 16

The template is read to make..

Answer 16

Pre-mRNA

Question 17

Immature Pre-mRNA then leaves…

Answer 17

Leaves the nucleus to be transcribed

Question 18

The first phase on transcription?

Answer 18

Initiation

Question 19

A promoter (the starter) includes:

Answer 19

TATA Box (Encoding Sequence)

Question 20

Strands run

Answer 20

5-3

3-5

Question 21

Just past TATA…

Answer 21

Encoding sequence

Question 22

If these are missing the process can’t begin.

Answer 22

Transcription Factors

Question 23

Transcription factors….

Answer 23

Bind TATA Box & Promotor

Question 24

When the right transcription factor is present in the right __________ the process can start.

Answer 24

Combination! Like a keypad. Spy games.

Question 25

This enzyme binds to & docks to the TF and unwinds the double helix.

Answer 25

RNA Polymerase

Question 26

RNA polymerase adds ________ to the growing RNA strand.

Answer 26

Ribonucleotides

Question 27

RNA Polymerase adds from the __ end.

Answer 27

3’

Question 28

T/F Topoisomerase is present in RNA transcription.

Answer 28

FALSE - small thin bubble with no pressure!

Question 29

Once the RNA is done synthesizing the 2 DNA strands will..

Answer 29

Reanneal

Question 30

We now have 2 identical strands except __ instead of __

Answer 30

U instead of T

Question 31

When does it stop?

Answer 31

When it hits the termination sequence! mRNA will be released

Question 32

Is the pre-RNA strand ready to go?

Answer 32

No. Needs a 5’ cap, and a 3’ poly-a Tail

Question 33

The 5’ Cap is composed of:

Answer 33

Methylated GTP (Backwards! G-P-P-P)

Question 34

What is the purpose of the 5’ end?

Answer 34

Protects from degradation & facilitates binding

Question 35

Why does the 5’ end facilitate binding?

Answer 35

Ribosomes will recognize 5’ end and bind to them

Question 36

The 3’ Poly-A Tail adds:

Answer 36

50-200 Adenine Nucleotides

Question 37

The more A’s on the end…

Answer 37

The longer the life!

Question 38

Now capped’n’tailed are they ready to go?

Answer 38

NO! Still not ready to leave nucleus!

Question 39

These exist as interfering RNA which have gotten in the way & have to be removed.

Answer 39

Introns

Question 40

These are useful segments which need to be kept!

Answer 40

Exons

Question 41

What will happen to introns?

Answer 41

Enzyme will cut & reattach (SPLICING)

Question 42

Once capped, tailed, introns removed we have:

Answer 42

Mature mRNA Which can leave!! Can be transported into cytoplasm.