Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Mendelian Genetics started with observation that there were:

Answer 1

Tiny humans, or homunculus!

Question 2

From the homunculus, this was concluded.

Answer 2

Inheritance

Question 3

Mendel’s original hypothesis?

Answer 3

Factors in parents. Get one from each!

Depending on what factors, would influence appearance.

Question 4

P =

Answer 4

Parental generation - always true breeding

Question 5

F1 =

Answer 5

First Filial - All offspring of PxP

Question 6

F2 =

Answer 6

Second Filial - All offspring of F1xF1

Question 7

Mendel’s 2 Laws of Inheritence?

Answer 7

Law of Segregation - Each parent has 2 copies of gene, 1 copy only in gamete.
Law of Independent Assortment - How those genes line up is random

Question 8

F2 generation phenotypic ratio?

Answer 8

3:1

Question 9

An organisms characteristic (Color/Position)

Answer 9

Trait

Question 10

Specific characteristic expression of trait (Purple/Wrinkled)

Answer 10

Phenotype

Question 11

A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein.

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

First Concept related to above was:

Answer 12

Variations of inherited traits (different forms of gene)

Question 13

Second Concept of Mendel?

Answer 13

Always have 2 genes, but form of genes may be different!

Question 14

Diploid =

Answer 14

Two copies of every gene, existing in homologous chromosomes

Question 15

Locus =

Answer 15

Where the gene exists on the chromosome

Question 16

Allele =

Answer 16

Form of a gene, two copies. One from each parent

Question 17

Third concept of Mendel?

Answer 17

Some alleles are DOMINANT!

Question 18

T/F Dominant allele can mask the presence of another

Answer 18

True

Question 19

PP or pp

Answer 19

Homozygous Dominant or Recessive

Question 20

Pp or pP

Answer 20

Heterozygous

Question 21

Heterozygous are also known as “______”

Answer 21

Carriers

Question 22

Fourth Concept of Mendel?

Answer 22

Law of Segregation! Alleles separate in meiosis into different gametes

Question 23

How do alleles split?

Answer 23

In Anaphase I - each daughter has one, in Anaphase II - four gametes, each with their own chromatid. Therefore, gametes only have ONE allele. Always in a 50/50 Split!

Question 24

Cross involving one trait?

Answer 24

Monohybrid Cross

Question 25

Cross involving two traits?

Answer 25

Dihybrid Cross

Question 26

In a monohybrid cross of purple & white flowers genotypes would be? And gametes?

Answer 26

PP x pp (Genotype) | PP or pp

Question 27

Phenotypic ratio in F2 generation of Monohybrid cross?

Answer 27

3:1

Question 28

Genotypic ratio of F2 in Monohybrid cross?

Answer 28

1:2:1

Question 29

In probability when we say 'and' we ______ and when we say 'or' we ______ the probabilities.

Answer 29

Multiply - And | Add - Or

Question 30

The testcross is a tool to determine an _______ _________.

Answer 30

Uknown Genotype - what the possible parent types were.

Question 31

The Law of Independent Assortment looks @

Answer 31

2 Character Traits

Question 32

To look at 2 character traits we use a:

Answer 32

Dihybrid cross

Question 33

Phenotypic ration of dihybrid cross?

Answer 33

``` 9:3:3:1 YR Yr yR yr YR Yr yR yr ```

Question 34

Trihybrid phenotypic ratio?

Answer 34

1:6:15:20:15:6:1