My-toes-is (Mitosis) Flashcards
Phases of Mitosis in Order:
(Interphase) Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Here DNA condenses into Chromosomes (Chromatin –> Chromsomes)
Prophase
This phase features the initiation of the mitotic spindle.
Prophase
Dismantling of the nuclear envelope & centrosomes moving to poles.
Prometaphase
Spindles attach to chromosomes & pushing battle begins!
Prometaphase
Following the ol’ pushy pushy the chromosomes line up @ the cell equator.
Metaphase
In metaphase, spindle fibers attache to the centromere @ the…
Kinetochore
What 2 conditions must be met to move into anaphase?
Chromosomes lined up @ equator
Each chromosome has 2 spindles attached
The characteristic V shape should tell you that we’re in…
Anaphase
In Anaphase, sister chromatids…
Separate!
How do sister chromatids separate?
Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart and toward centrosome.
At the end of Anaphase we have…
Equivalent & complete set of chromosomes on each pole!
This is the opposite of prophase & prometaphase. The unpacking of apartment.
Telophase
In telophase 2 _____ ___________ reform around each set of chromosomes making 2 nuclei.
Nuclear Envelopes
What happens to chromosomes in telophase?
Disperse back to chromatin
And what of the spindle fibers?
Degenerate
Once nuclear division is complete we have one cell, 2 daughters and 2 nuclei. Thus completes _____________.
Karyokinesis
If karyokinesis completes and cytokinesis does not we are left with a cell which has:
2 Nuclei
Giant Cells! Keep growing (Slime moulds, mammalian skeletal muscle)
Animals complete cytokinesis by:
Cleavage Furrow
Cytokinesis in plants?
Cell plate - bricklayer seperating two cells
If the cell cycle control is met =
Health maintained, and keeps going in cycle
If not met= =
Uncontrolled growth, cancer, etc, stops until met
The three checkpoints of the cell cycle?
G1
M
G2
G1 Requirements?
Cell large enough?
Enough nutrients?
Growth factors present?
DNA Undamaged?
