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BIOL1020 FINAL > My-toes-is (Mitosis) > Flashcards

My-toes-is (Mitosis) Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of Mitosis in Order:

A 
(Interphase)
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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2
Q

Here DNA condenses into Chromosomes (Chromatin –> Chromsomes)

A

Prophase

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3
Q

This phase features the initiation of the mitotic spindle.

A

Prophase

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4
Q

Dismantling of the nuclear envelope & centrosomes moving to poles.

A

Prometaphase

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5
Q

Spindles attach to chromosomes & pushing battle begins!

A

Prometaphase

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6
Q

Following the ol’ pushy pushy the chromosomes line up @ the cell equator.

A

Metaphase

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7
Q

In metaphase, spindle fibers attache to the centromere @ the…

A

Kinetochore

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8
Q

What 2 conditions must be met to move into anaphase?

A

Chromosomes lined up @ equator

Each chromosome has 2 spindles attached

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9
Q

The characteristic V shape should tell you that we’re in…

A

Anaphase

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10
Q

In Anaphase, sister chromatids…

A

Separate!

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11
Q

How do sister chromatids separate?

A

Spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids apart and toward centrosome.

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12
Q

At the end of Anaphase we have…

A

Equivalent & complete set of chromosomes on each pole!

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13
Q

This is the opposite of prophase & prometaphase. The unpacking of apartment.

A

Telophase

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14
Q

In telophase 2 _____ ___________ reform around each set of chromosomes making 2 nuclei.

A

Nuclear Envelopes

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15
Q

What happens to chromosomes in telophase?

A

Disperse back to chromatin

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16
Q

And what of the spindle fibers?

A

Degenerate

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17
Q

Once nuclear division is complete we have one cell, 2 daughters and 2 nuclei. Thus completes _____________.

A

Karyokinesis

18
Q

If karyokinesis completes and cytokinesis does not we are left with a cell which has:

A

2 Nuclei

Giant Cells! Keep growing (Slime moulds, mammalian skeletal muscle)

19
Q

Animals complete cytokinesis by:

A

Cleavage Furrow

20
Q

Cytokinesis in plants?

A

Cell plate - bricklayer seperating two cells

21
Q

If the cell cycle control is met =

A

Health maintained, and keeps going in cycle

22
Q

If not met= =

A

Uncontrolled growth, cancer, etc, stops until met

23
Q

The three checkpoints of the cell cycle?

A

G1
M
G2

24
Q

G1 Requirements?

A

Cell large enough?
Enough nutrients?
Growth factors present?
DNA Undamaged?

25
Q

If met? If not?

A

Met - will pass G1 checkpoint

Not met - will stop.

26
Q

When G1 isn’t met and stops it moves into:

A

G0. For cells that will never divide :(

27
Q

A signal is produced by the…

A

Growth Factor

28
Q

The response?

A

Makes protein called G1 cyclin

29
Q

Cyclin does what and to whom?

CDKP AS-PP

A

Cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylates

Activates S-Phase Proteins

30
Q

When S-Phase proteins are activated?

A

DNA Replication (S Phase) Can occur

31
Q

At the end of G2 (After S Phase), what is required?

A

Successful DNA replication

Undamaged DNA - Big errors?

32
Q

Once passed G2 checkpoint enters…

A

M Phase - Mitosis

33
Q

G2 Cyclin Protein?

A

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase+G2 Cyclin leads to Inactive MPF

34
Q

MPF?

A

Maturation Promoting Factor

35
Q

How does MPF Activate?

A

Activating Phostatase. Cuts off phosphate group & MPF Active

36
Q

At the end of Metaphase?

A

Metaphase Checkpoint

37
Q

Requirements for Metaphase checkpoint?

A

All chromosomes lined up with 2 spindles

38
Q

If not attached to 2 spindles?

A

Resulting cells will have mistakes

39
Q

Binary Fission =

A

Round the clock DNA synthesis. Never stops.

40
Q

Differences between BF & Mitosis?

CO1NN

A 
No nuclei
No nuclear envelope
No Organelles
No Centrosomes
One chromosome
41
Q

How does a cell split in BF?

A

Cell elongates & pinches off in centre

BIOL1020 FINAL (18 decks)

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