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BIOL1020 FINAL > Evolution & Population Genetics > Flashcards

Evolution & Population Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

This fella came up with the classification of life & taxa that we use today!

A

Linnaeus

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2
Q

These two studied geological processes, and their constant nature, noting that environments were always changing.

A

Hutton & Lyell

Challenged the Earth being 6000 years old

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3
Q

This mathemetician & economist wrote an essay on populations outgrowing food supplies.

A

Malthus

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4
Q

This fella proposed that organisms can drive their own evolution by using or disusing a structure.

A

Lamarck

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5
Q

Is that true? Do giraffes have longer necks by stretching more?

A

NO - Longer necks=more food=more offspring

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6
Q

Darwin came along in the 1840’s and proposed:

A

Descent With Modification - every generation is slightly modified

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7
Q

Darwin Published his manifesto in…

A

1859

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8
Q

Why did Darwin rush to publish in 1859?

A

Because Wallace had an independent manuscript that would have given him all the credit!

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9
Q

Title of the Manifesto:

A

The Origin of Species (by means of natural selection) or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life

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10
Q

Darwins ship?

A

HMS Beagle

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11
Q

Artifical Selection is represented by..

A

Domestication

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12
Q

What types might artifically select?

A

Horticulturists
Animal Breeders
Hobby Pigeons

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13
Q

The Domesitcation process is in essence:

A

Selective Breeding

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14
Q

Wild mustard is a good example of artificial selection in that…

A

It has been turned into cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, etc.

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15
Q

In order for artificial selection to work these 2 conditions must be met:

A

Trait must be variable

Trait must be heritable

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16
Q

If we can make big changes artificially in a short time…

A

Then same thing happens naturally over LONG periods of time. Nature can select favorable traits.

17
Q

Darwins 4 Observations

A

Variability in character traits
Heritability of character traits
Overproduction of offspring (more than will survive)
Competition between offspring

18
Q

Darwins inferences:

A

Survival of the fittest!

  1. Favourable variations survive longer, unfavourable not passed on as frequently.
  2. Unequal inheritance lead to survival of the fittest.
19
Q

Changes in frequency of character traits in a population over time, will lead to a change in the…

A

Normal distribution bell-curve. Shifts indicate evolution! To the right or to the left.

20
Q

From common ancestor organisms moved into..

A

Diverse environments
Diverse modifications
Hence tree of life

21
Q

Evidence of relationships?

A

Fossil record!

22
Q

The fossil record shows..

A

Gradual changes in body form from terrestrial to cetaceans.

23
Q

Why can we not solely rely on the fossil record?

A

Missing Links

24
Q

Evolution = (Tree wise)

A

Adaptive Radiation

25
Q

Further evidence exists in these structures.

A

Homologous. Same pieces, different locations. Human/dog/whale/bat

26
Q

Homologous structures are also evidence of…

A

Divergent Evolution

27
Q

Where we put organisms in the Linnaean system relies heavily on:

A

Homology

28
Q

Homologies may be _______, reduced because no longer needed.

A

Vestigial

29
Q

Evidence of vestigial homologies?

A

Goosebumps. Whale pelvis. Also in embryonic structure!

30
Q

The evidence to trump all evidence?

A

Molecular! DNA, RNA, Protein sequences

31
Q

Using _____ sequences we can see how long ago species diverged.

A

Hemoglobin

32
Q

We can trace the distance between organisms based on their amino acid ________.

A

Differences

33
Q

Analogous structures represent different branches of the tree that look alike. Also called:

A

Convergent Evolution - came to same points by different routes

BIOL1020 FINAL (18 decks)

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