RLE FINALS Flashcards
is the actual handling of the delivery of the fetus
Handling Delivery
handling the instruments to the one handling the delivery
Assisting Delivery
a surgical incision of the perineum made to prevent tearing of the perineum with birth and to release pressure of the fetal head during delivery.
Episiotomy
repair tear of the episiotomy with the use of sutures.
Episiorraphy
refers to the tearing of the vulvar, vagina and sometimes rectal tissue during birth.
Laceration
A method of expressing the placenta in which body uterus is vigorously squeezed in order to produce placental separation
Crede’s Maneuver
a method of expressing the placenta by grasping the umbilical cord with one hand and placing the other hand on the abdomen, application of the traction on the cord by moving the forcep up, down, left, right.
Brandt- Andrews Maneuver
Shiny (fetal side)- a mechanism or technique for the delivery with the fetal rather than the maternal side surface presenting the shiny and glistening side of the fetal membrane
Schultze’s mechanism
dirty or rough (maternal side)- a mechanism or technique for delivery with the maternal rather than the fetal side surface presenting the dirty or rough side.
Duncan mechanism-
- occurs when the widest part of the fetal head has passed below the maternal pelvic inlet.Essentially, the baby’s head has officially entered its mother’s pelvis.
ENGAGEMENT
- downward movement of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head to within the pelvic inlet.
DESCENT
- fetal presenting part is not engaged in pelvic inlet
Floating
- fetal presenting part has entered pelvis
Fixed
- presenting part has reached level of ischial spines
Station 0
- presenting part is 1,2,3 above the level of ischial spines
Stations -1,-2,-3
- presenting part is 1,2,3 below level of ischial spines. A station of +4 indicates that presenting is on the pelvic floor.
Stations +1, +2, +3
- baby moves further downward and then head meets obstruction at the pelvic floor causing flexion.
FLEXION
- in accommodating the birth canal, the fetal occiput rotates anteriorly from its original position toward the symphysis. The movement results from the shape of the fetal head, space available in the midpelvis and contour of the perineal muscles. The ischial spines project into the midpelvis causing the fetal head to rotate enteriorly to accommodate to the available space.
INTERNAL ROTATION
- as the fetal head descends further it meets resistance from the perineal muscles and is forced to extend. The fetal head becomes visible at the vulvova ring; its largest diameter is encircled (crowning) and the head then emerges from the vagina.
EXTENSION
- When head emerges, the shoulders are undergoing internal rotation as they turn in the midpelvis to accommodate to the projection of the ischial spines. The head, now born, rotates the shoulders undergo this internal rotation
EXTERNAL ROTATION/RESTITUTION
- Following delivery of the infant’s head and internal rotation of the shoulders, the anterior shoulder rests beneath the symphysis pubis. The posterior shoulder is born, followed by the anterior shoulder and the rest of the body.
EXPULSION
(Stage of DILATATION)-Onset of true labor to full cervical dilatation
FIRST STAGE OF LABOR
- The first phase of the first stage of labor when contractions
are becoming more frequent (usually 5 to 20 minutes apart) and somewhat stronger.The cervix dilates (open approximately three or four centimetres and effaces (thins out).Is usually the longest and least intense phase of labor.
LATENT PHASE
- the second phase of the first stage is signalled by dilatation of the cervix from 4 to 7 cms. Contractions become longer, more severe, and frequent (usually 3 to 4 mins. Apart)
ACTIVE STAGE
the third phase and the last phase. Cervix dilates from 8 to 10 cms. Contractions are usually very strong lasting 60-90 seconds and occurring every few minutes.
TRANSITION PHASE-
( stage of EXPULSION)Complete dilatation to expulsion of the baby
SECOND STAGE OF LABOR
Denotes extracting the fetal head, using one hand to pull the fetal chin from between the maternal anus and the coccyx, and the other on the fetal occiput to control speed of delivery. It is perform during the uterine contraction.
Ritgen’s Maneuver
(PLACENTAL STAGE)
-Birth of the baby-expulsion of the placenta
-This stage of labor is the period from birth of the baby through delivery of the placenta.
-This is considered a dangerous time because of the possibility of hemmoraging
THIRD STAGE
The uterus becomes globular in shape and firmer, discoid to avoid, indicating placental separation from the uterine wall.
Calkin’s sign
A method of expressing the placenta in which body uterus is vigorously squeezed in order to produce placental separation
Crede’s Maneuver
- a method of expressing the placenta by grasping the umbilical cord with one hand and placing the other hand on the abdomen, application of the traction on the cord by moving the forcep up, down, left, right.
Brandt- Andrews Maneuver
(stage of PHYSICAL RECOVERY)- Delivery of the placenta up to 1-4 hrs. After delivery
FOURTH STAGE
– used to clamp the umbilical cord of the baby
2 kelly forceps
used to hold the soft tissues in the perineal area during episiorraphy
1 tissue forceps with teeth
