Medication Administration RLE Flashcards
- legally responsible for prescribing medications
physician
a substance administered for diagnosis, cure, treatment, relief or prevention of disease. It is also called drug.
Medication
task of a nurse; a nursing dependent action; an important nursing function that involves skillful technique and consideration of the patient’s development and safety.
Medication Administration
is the study of the effect of drugs on living organisms.
Pharmacology
is the art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drugs; refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed.
Pharmacy
a licensed person to prepare and dispense drugs and to make up prescriptions.
Pharmacist
person licensed to administer, educate about, and evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed medications.
Nurse
the written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug.
Prescription
is a book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the product chemical tests for determining identity and purity and formulas for certain mixtures.
Pharmacopoeia
the process by which drugs alter the cell physiology and cause the effects on the body
Pharmacodynamics
the study of the action in the body and their movement though the body systems during absorption, distribution, biotransformation and elimination, including the time required for therapeutic or pharmacological response to them.
Pharmacokinetics
study of drugs before giving medications
Drug study/Summary
given before a drug becomes official. Reflects the chemical family to which the drug belongs (e.g. Acetaminophen for Tylenol, Paracetamol for Biogesic , Ibuprofen for Advil)
Generic Name
the name under which a manufacturer market the medication (e.g.Tylenol. Biogesic, Advil)
Trade Name/Brand Name
What to do; how to implement or execute orders or interventions
Cognitive Skills
handling situations; palpation techniques, use of equivalents; technicalities
Technical Skills
What they are, how to improve them and how to apply them
Interpersonal Skills
medical ethics involves examining a specific problem, usually a clinical case, and using values, facts, and logic to decide what the best course of action should be.
Ethical and Legal Skills
is a medication in a gelatin container
- normally used for dry, powder ingredients
- use for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oils
Capsule
- Hard-shelled capsules
- Soft-shelled capsules
A smooth, coated, oval-shaped medicinal tablet, in the shape of capsules
Caplet
Compress powder
Tablet
Dissolve in small intestine
Enteric-coated
it is a solid preparation consisting of sugar and gum, the latter giving strength and cohesiveness to the lozenge and facilitating slow release of the medicament.
- it is used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow administration of indigestion for cough and remedies.
Lozenge
They are solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth. The are softer than lozenge and their basis are either glycerol and gelatin, or acacia or sugar
Pastilles
A tablet form intended to be placed in the empty socket following in the tooth extraction, for preventing the local multiplication of the pathogenic bacteria associated with the tooth extraction.
Dental Cones
Granules with different coating, or some tablets that dissolve slowly.
Time release
Mixed with water, alcohol or a sweetener.
Elixir
Medication dissolve in a sugar solution.
Syrup
are uncoated tablets that generally contains acid substance (citric and tartaric acids) and carbonates and bicarbonates which reacts rapidly in the presence of water by releasing carbon dioxide.
Effervescent Tablets
drug particles in a liquid medium; when left alone will settle in the bottom
Suspension
Sterile preparation that contains water and one or more dissolved compounds (IM, SQ, or IV)
Solution
semisolid, but thicker than ointment – slower absorption
Paste
semi-permeable membrane disk or patch with drug applied to skin
Transdermal disk, or patch
liquid suspension for skin
Lotion
Semisolid
Ointment
solid drug mixed with gelatin inserted into body cavity to melt (rectum or vagina)
Suppository
The drug is swallowed. It is the most common , and most convenient route for most clients because the skin is not broken as it is for an injection . It’s a safe method.
Oral
Administered into the respiratory tract by a nebulizer or positive pressure breathing apparatus.
Inhalation
Key requirements are the full knowledge of the instruments required, on-going training in new procedures, the ability to make close call decisions to save a patient’s life and the overall management of the OR.
SURGEON
Similar to surgeons, anaesthesiologists complete 4 years of medical school and 4 years of anaesthesia residency. There are certain areas of anaesthesia that require special certification and training, such as cardiac anaesthesia.
Anaesthesiologis
- ensure that all instruments are sterilized and layered out for the operation. They provide care for the patient before and during the surgery, attach equipment and monitors and pass instruments to the surgeon.
Scrub nurses
- take care of all the documents required before the surgery and handle the procurement of instruments and surgical supplies.
Circulating nurses
The surgeon needs to concentrate on the patient, not on finding instruments. This is where the surgical techs chime in: they’re trained in hundreds of types of surgery and are able to anticipate next steps in the procedure, in order to provide the surgeon with the required instruments and equipment.
Surgical technologist
is the removal of as many microorganism as possible from the hands and arms by mechanical washing and chemical disinfection before taking part in a surgical procedure.
surgical Handwashing
– used for cleaning the skin of patients and caregivers that has a fast-acting broad-spectrum action to reduce the count of microorganism before a surgical procedure, capable of destroying or preventing the growth of microorganism.
Antimicrobial agent
refers to the absence of infectious material or infection.
Asepsis
- is the reduction of the number of disease-causing agents and their spread.
Medical asepsis
– Is the complete elimination of the disease-causing agents and their spores from the surface of an object.
Surgical asepsis
is a set of specific practices and procedures performed to make equipment and areas free from all microorganisms and to maintain that sterility
Sterile technique
– is the removal of as many bacteria as possible by means of mechanical washing and chemical disinfection before taking part in a surgical procedure
Surgical scrub
– scrubbing usually takes in about 10-15 minutes
Complete scrub
– scrubbing that usually takes in 3-5 minutes
Short scrub
– introduction of pathogens into a normally sterile field
Contamination
– the rubbing of one body against another; often a strong circular manipulation
Friction
– under the fingernails
Subungual
– without micoorganism
Sterile
- the process of removing all microorganisms including the bacterial spores
Sterilization
is done by the person who will wear the gown,
Unassisted gowning
is done by a gowned personnel serving the person who will wear the gown
assisted gowning
are packaged so that the scrub may don his gloves without contaminating the glove’s outer surfaces. A pair of gloves is packaged in an individual sterile wrapper.
– a fitted rubber material used to cover the hands before engaging in surgery
Gloves
is done after the personnel has donned a gown. This is also the last phase to complete the sterile attire in order for the personnel to handle sterile equipment.
Gloving
is done after the personnel has donned a gown. This is also the last phase to complete the sterile attire in order for the personnel to handle sterile equipment.
Gloving
– method of putting on a glove without a surgical gown
Open gloving
- a procedure of putting gloves wherein the scrub person’s hands remains inside the sleeves and should not touch the cuffs
Closed gloving
– gluteus medius muscle which lies over the gluteus minimus
Ventrogluteal
– composed of thick gluteal muscle of the buttocks
Dorsogluteal
– belongs to the quadriceps muscle group situated on the anterior aspect of the thigh
Rectus femoris
– is found on the lateral aspect of the upper arm
Deltoid
– usually thick and well developed in both adults and children
Vastus lateralis
requires parenteral
fluids (solutions) and special equipment:
administration set, IV pole, filter, regulators
to control flow rate and an established
venous route.
intravenous therapy
- administered by means other than
through the alimentary tract (as by
intramuscular or intravenous injection)
. Parenteral
- are intravenous solutions that are sterile
and usually packed in plastic bags or in
glass containers.
Parenteral fluids
-a metal pole wherein intravenous solutions
are placed or hanged.
IV pole
comes in two types:
- first is Macro drip which releases 10-20
drops/ml
- Second Micro drip, which releases 60
micro drops/ml.
Drip chamber
- is a roller clamp which compresses the
plastic tubing to control the flow rate.
Regulator
- a specific site in the IV administration set
wherein parenteral medications are
introduced.
Injection port
- are specialized needles that initiates
access to the venous system.
IV
lowers osmotic pressure and makes
fluid move into cells
used to treat cellular dehydration and
established renal function
are used when the cell
is dehydrated and fluids need to be put
back intracellularly. This happens when
patients develop diabetic ketoacidosis
or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.
Hypotonic Solution
increases only extracellular fluid volume
The cell has the same concentration on the
inside and outside which in normal
conditions the cell’s intracellular and
extracellular are both isotonic.
are used to increase the
EXTRACELLULAR fluid due to blood loss,
Surgery, Dehydration, Fluid loss that has
been loss extracellularly.
Isotonic Solution
- increases osmotic pressure and draws
fluid from the cells
Hyper: Excessive
Tonic: concentration of a solution
The cell has an excessive amount of solute
extracellularly and osmosis is causing
water to rush out of the cell
intracellularly to the extracellularly area
which will cause the cell to shrink.
Hypertonic Fluid
(Bolus) is the
intravenous administration
of an undiluted drug
directly into the systemic
circulation. It is used when a
medication cannot be
diluted or in an emergency
Intravenous Push
Needleless systems are
preferred because
significantly reduce the
risk of needlestick injuries
among healthcare
workers. Intermittent
injection ports may be
flushed with sterile saline
prior to and after medication.
Heplock/ISA
– a special control
chamber that is used to regulate the fluid
amount administered in a specific time.
Volume control chamber
- inflammation of the vein
Phlebitis
– the catheter is dislocated to
the surrounding tissues rather that directly
to the vein
Infiltration
at which the amount of IV solution/fluid flows and
infuses into the vein of the patient and it is expressed in volume over time.
RATE OR SPEED
The number of drops it takes to make up one ml of fluid.
Macro drip (gtt) = 15 gtts/ml
Micro drip (ugtt) = 60 ugtts/ml
Drop Factor
are tiny cells in the blood that help you
stop the bleeding.
Platelets
is prepared from
plasma protein. it is
used to treat shock
and hypoproteinemia
Albumin
refers to blood that has all of them. In
some cases, you may need to have a
transfusion that uses whole blood, but
it’s more likely that you will need a
specific component.
Whole Blood
A concentrated preparation that is
obtained from whole blood by
removing the plasma (as by
centrifugation) and is used in
transfusion.
Packed Red Blood Cells
is a laboratory examination to
determine a person’s blood type.
Typing
is the process of
determining compatibility between
blood types
Crossmatching
