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Geology > Rivers and Groundwater > Flashcards

Rivers and Groundwater Flashcards

1
Q

Water table

A

the dividing line b/w zone of aeration and zone of saturation

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2
Q

Water table is hightest in…lowest in…

A

Highest in Spring; lowest in late summer

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3
Q

Higher the lake=

A

Higher the groundwater

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4
Q

Permeability

A

how easily water flows through a substance; rate usually in mL/Sec

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5
Q

Aquifer

A

a saturated layer (below the water table); Needs high permeability

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6
Q

Well

A

Hole or pipe that leads into an aquifer

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7
Q

Pumping wells

A

Creates cone of depression; lowers water table

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8
Q

Cone of depression

A

From pumping wells; Lowers water table; V-shaped

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9
Q

Artesian well

A

Flows to the surface naturally w/out pumps; Due to aquifer being under pressure from impermeable layer; “Sandwiched” b/w two impermeable layers

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10
Q

Groundwater pollution

A

Sources: septic tanks; landfills; fertilizers/pesticides; underground storage tanks

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11
Q

Geysers

A

Groundwater heated by magma which boils and then erupts; Ex: Iceland

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12
Q

Erosion by groundwater

A

Caves, sinkholes, subsidence, and kart topography

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13
Q

Caves

A

Dissolution of limestone; lowersing of watertable

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14
Q

Sinkholes

A

bedrock erodes which causes overburden to fall and then soil falls aswell

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15
Q

Subsidence

A

Slow sinking of ground due to groundwater withdrawl

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16
Q

Karst Topography

A

Acide water dissolves limestone; Creates series of sinkholes; Common in KY, WV, TN, and IN

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17
Q

Flowing v. Non flowing artesian wells

A

Flowing are usually down hill and flow b/c reach recharge zone

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18
Q

Purpose of retention basin

A

To prevent flooding because the ground can’t support all the rain either due to hard desert ground or cemented; Water runs off into retention basin

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19
Q

The steeper the slope…

A

The more powerful the water

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20
Q

6 in of water to..

A

sweep off your feet

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21
Q

1 ft of water to…

A

push a car

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22
Q

2 ft of water to

A

move a cement mixer

23
Q

Purpose of levee

A

to channel snow melt from the mtns to more populated areas and also to protect valuable land

24
Q

Sublimination

A

transiontion from ice to vapor

25
Q

evaportranspiration

A

plants ‘sweating’ which evaporates into clouds; just leafy plants

26
Q

infiltration

A

when water hits the ground and it infiltrates into the ground

27
Q

Lake is a….

A

freshwater storage

28
Q

Spring

A

opening of a aquifer or groundwater

29
Q

Why is water cycle a closed system?

A

B/c not going/losing any water on Earth

30
Q

Watershed

A

land that drains into a river system; seperated by divides

31
Q

Divide

A

Slopes

32
Q

Continenetal Divide

A

seperates Atlantic from Pacific Oceans

33
Q

Sediment load

A

sediment carred by water

34
Q

Dissolved load

A

dissolved minerals/ pollutants in solution; Creates foam

35
Q

Suspended load

A

silt/clay; Makes water cloudy/ gives it color

36
Q

Bedload

A

along bottom; largest particles stream can hold; Most erosive

37
Q

Base level

A

the lowest point a stream can erode its channel to; The way it flows; Ultimate base level is sea level

38
Q

Gradient

A

rise/run

39
Q

Discharge

A

amount of water lfowing past a point; dis= velocityxwidthxdepth

40
Q

mouth

A

where river empties into another body of water; baselevel

41
Q

delta

A

deposit of sand at mouth

42
Q

Early stream characteristics

A

V-shaped valley due to downcutting; steep; rapids/waterfalls; large sediements in bedload; lots of eroision; straight; narrow

43
Q

Late stream characteristics

A

large floodplanes (farmland); flat; meanders; pointbar/cutbank; oxbow lakes; large deltas; lots of deposition

44
Q

Formation of waterfalls

A

differential erosion; ex: Niagra

45
Q

Formation of oxbow lakes

A

a cut off meander

46
Q

Formation of levees

A

natural or artificial slope/wall parallel to river; Natural form during floods

47
Q

Yazoo straems

A

run parallel to main river; forms during flooding on floodplain

48
Q

Rejuvenated stream

A

base level is lowered due to uplift of land upstream; renews downcutting

49
Q

Braided streams

A

cris-crossing all over itslef

50
Q

Dendritic

A

“Treelike;” forms when underlaying material is uniform (all the same rock)

51
Q

Trellised

A

reistent ridged; waterfalls

52
Q

Rectangular

A

forms in areas of faults/joints

53
Q

Radial

A

volcanic cones

Geology (8 decks)

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