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Geology > Geologic Time > Flashcards

Geologic Time Flashcards

1
Q

End of Precambrian

A

Because life began to flourish (Animals began to have hard, scales on them)

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2
Q

End of Paleozoic

A

“The Great Dying”

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3
Q

End of Mesozoic

A

Meteor hits Earth

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4
Q

Difference b/w geologic eons, eras, periods, and epochs

A

Eons are subdivided into eras, which are subdivided into periods, which are subdivided into epochs

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5
Q

How did the core form? (Precambrian)

A

Iron collected from nebular debris melted due to increasing temperature on Earth, then sunk into middle of Earth

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6
Q

how did Oceans form? (Precambrian)

A

Earth began to cool, and water vapor began to condense to form clouds, which caused torrential rains

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7
Q

How an oxygen atmosphere formed? (Precambrian)

A

From stromatolites

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8
Q

What was the first life?

A

Bacteria that did not need oxygen, and could withstand high temperature and pressure

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9
Q

What was the dominate life form in Paleozoic?

A

Trilobites

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10
Q

What did the globe look like during Paleozoic Era?

A

Gondwanaland; North America near equator and most of world still under water

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11
Q

What is Gondwandaland?

A

Southern continents joined into a single landmass during Paleozoic

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12
Q

What is Laurasia?

A

Landmasses that broke away from Gondwandaland in Northern Hempishpere

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13
Q

When did most of the coal deposits form?

A

Paleozoic during Mississippian due to the forests of the time

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14
Q

When did the first fish appear

A

Ordiovcian Period during Paleozoic era (505 mya)

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15
Q

When was the age of fishes ?

A

Devonian Period (408 Mya) during Paleozoic era

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16
Q

What was the biggest mass extinction?

A

The Great Dying which ended the Paleozoic era

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17
Q

What was the Great Dying?

A

Caused by Siberian Traps which produced C02, which warmed the atmosphere and oceans, which killed 95% of ocean species because warm water can’t hold CO2, which made bacteria that produces hydrogen sulfide (poison) flourish, Hydrogen Sulfide bubble into atmosphere, causing 95% of land species to die

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18
Q

Climate of Mesozoic

A

Warm, dry climate

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19
Q

Dominate life of Mesozoic Era?

A

Dinasaurs

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20
Q

Triassic Dinosaurs

A

Small

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21
Q

Cretaceous Dinosaurs

A

intelligent and large

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22
Q

Evidence that supports the asteroid theory as the reason for dinosaur extinction

A

Irridium-> and element found in space rocks was found worldwide in K/T rock; Shocked quartz found in K/T rocks; Crater found

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23
Q

What can fossil footprints tell us?

A

Help to understand dino behavior; Learn if a specific dino travels in herd or not; Can estimate the speed and gait of the dino; Can estimate the size of the dino

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24
Q

Dominate life of Cenozoic

A

Birds and mammals

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25
Q

When did humans appear during the Cenozoic era?

A

The Quaternary Period

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26
Q

Mammoths

A

Curved tusks; Related to modern elephants

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27
Q

Mastodons

A

Straight tusks; Michigan’s state fossil

28
Q

When did the Earth form?

A

4.6 million years ago

29
Q

How did the moon form?

A

From an astrode hitting Earth, and pushing rock into the ring around Earth; The debris came together to form the moon

30
Q

How did the first continents form?

A

Tectonic plates allowed for lava and volcanos to emerge, creating volcanic islands from lava; The islands came together to form continents

31
Q

What is Pangea?

A

A super continents that was broken up due to tectonic plates

32
Q

Cold Oysters Seldom Develop Many Precious Pearls, Their Congeal Too Quickly

A

Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary Quaternary

33
Q

Put Eggs On My Plate Please Homer

A

Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene

34
Q

Cambrian

A

First shelled organsims; Trilobites dominate

35
Q

ordovician

A

First Fish

36
Q

Silurian

A

First land plant

37
Q

Devonian

A

First amphibians

38
Q

Mississippian

A

Large primitive trees; Coal

39
Q

pennsylvanian

A

Abundant insects; First reptiles

40
Q

Permian

A

End of trilobites and other marine animals

41
Q

Triassic

A

First dinosaurs (small); Primitive mammals (have fur)

42
Q

Jurassic

A

First Birds/mammals; Abundant dinosaurs (reaching larger sizes)

43
Q

Cretaceous

A

First flowering plants; Seasons due to cooling; Pangea splits; T-Rex and raptors (intelligent dinosaurs)

44
Q

K/T Boundary

A

Division between Cretaceous and Tertiary

45
Q

Tertiary

A

Climate continues to cool; First Primates

46
Q

Quaternary

A

Ice Age; Formation of Great Lakes; First Hominoids; Mammoths and Mastodons

47
Q

Paleocene

A

First Primates

48
Q

Eocene

A

First Horse

49
Q

oligocene

A

Dogs, cats, and pigs

50
Q

miocene

A

Arctic become covered with ice

51
Q

Pliocenes

A

First hominoids

52
Q

How to become a fossil

A
  1. Animal dies; 2. Needs to be quickly buried (in order to avoid being eaten or rotting); 3. Conditions must be perfect (Perfect temp, pressure, acidity, chemical comp, moisture levels); 4. Water infused with minerals must seep into bones, where, overtime, bone decay and is replaced by rock like minerals
53
Q

Geologic Time calendar Conversion

A

365/4,600,000,000 x Days before present (Dec.31) / Age you want to know

54
Q

Precambrian era ended because…

A

Life began to flourish due to having enough o2 in atmosphere

55
Q

Era

A

Mass extinction of dominant species

56
Q

Period

A

New dominant species

57
Q

Epoch

A

New dominant mammal

58
Q

When will the Cenozoic era end?

A

When there is a mass extinction

59
Q

Paleozoic animals

A

Trilobite; crinoid; colonial coral; fern; horn coral ; brachiopod ; fish; cephalopod

60
Q

Stromatolites

A

Precambrian

61
Q

Ammonite

A

Mesozoic

62
Q

Laurasia

A

Northern Hemisphere

63
Q

Laurasia + Gondwanaland

A

Pangea

64
Q

Order of events of Precambrian

A
  1. Meteorites combine to form earth; 2. Iron sinks to center of earth;3. Moon formed; 4. Volcanoes create first atmosphere; 5. Comet hits earth and brings water to planet; 6. Relentless rain floods entire earth; 7. First life on earth appears (Cyanobacteria); 8. Banded iron formations form; 9. Stromatolites release o2 into atmosphere; 10. Pangea forms
65
Q

Longest era

A

Precambrian

Geology (8 decks)

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