Earthquake Review

Question 1

Magnitude

Answer 1

Measures energy of earthquake; doesn’t vary; uses seismograph

Question 2

Intensity

Answer 2

Depends on population + building type; Mercalli Scale; Doesn’t use seismograph; varies

Question 3

What does Mercalli scale measure?

Answer 3

Measures intensity; Depends on population and builidng type

Question 4

Moment magnitude formula

Answer 4

Mo= NxDxA; N= Rock rigidity; D= Distance rock slip; A = area of fault

Question 5

What would moment magnitude be used for?

Answer 5

More accurate; Used for larger earthquakes

Question 6

Determine location of an epicenter from seismograph reading

Answer 6

1. Determine lag time b/w P+ S waves; 2. Go to graph to find distance b/w epicenter + seismograph; 2. Plot center w/ distance radius; 4. Intersectio of circles = epicenter (triangulate)

Question 7

What do circles represent

Answer 7

The distance the seismograph and the epicenter

Question 8

Explain the Richter scale

Answer 8

Measures ground shaking/ energy; Designed for smaller earthquakes

Question 9

How is the Richter scale sclaed

Answer 9

32x energy released; 10x amplitude

Question 10

Primary Wave

Answer 10

Push/pull; compressional; Fastest; Body wave; travel through liquids + solids; Comressional

Question 11

Secondary wave

Answer 11

travels only through solids; not liquids; Sharing waves -> up/down motion

Question 12

Raleigh wave

Answer 12

Surface wave; Travel on surface; slow; similar to water waves; Rolling; Very damaging

Question 13

Love waves

Answer 13

Surface wave; Very damagin; travel on surface; Horizontal shifting of surface; SLow

Question 14

Mantle

Answer 14

Solid that flows; Mg+ Fe; P+S waves

Question 15

Outer core

Answer 15

Liquid; Fe + Ni; P waves; NO s waves

Question 16

Inner core

Answer 16

Solid; Fe + Ni

Question 17

Normal fault

Answer 17

tensional stress; Divergent boundaries

Question 18

Reverse/ thrust fault

Answer 18

compressional stress; Convergent boundaries; often create tsunamies; Usually has highest magnitude earthquake

Question 19

Strike slip

Answer 19

Shearing stress; Often happen on divergent boundary

Question 20

Divergent

Answer 20

Small earthquakes; shallow; normal fault

Question 21

Ex of divergent

Answer 21

Iceland + mid-ocean ridge

Question 22

Convergent

Answer 22

Most major earthquakes; Reverse faults; shallow through deep

Question 23

Ex of Convergent

Answer 23

Japan

Question 24

Transform

Answer 24

Shallow earthquakes

Question 25

Ex of transform

Answer 25

San Andreas + Haiti

Question 26

How an earthquake cn occur intraplate

Answer 26

Occur in middle of plate; Thought ot be ancient faults or the anthrospphere causing vertical movements; Ex: Haiti

Question 27

Formation of tsunami

Answer 27

The displacement of water due to the power and energy gained from the subduction

Question 28

What should you do during a tsunami warning?

Answer 28

Get to higher ground

Question 29

Haiti earthquake

Answer 29

Most deady earthquake in W. Hemisphere; 7.0 magnitude; Transform

Question 30

Chile Earthquake

Answer 30

Aftershock of Haiti; 8.8 earthquake; tsunami; Convergent

Question 31

How are earthquakes predicted

Answer 31

Seismometer can be used to pick up vibration in Earth’s crust

Question 32

How accurate in earthquake prediction?

Answer 32

Not very accurate

Question 33

Liquefaction

Answer 33

Causes the ground to act like a liquid; Due to increased water pressure from earthquake waves

Question 34

Is depth of earthquake related to its magnitude?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What type of boundary has deep focus earthquakes?

Answer 35

Subduction/ Convergent zones