rivers

Question 1

what’s it like in upper course

Answer 1

steepest part of land in river , usually small and flows fast
energy levels are high and river cuts away the bed

v-shaped valleys
interlocking spurs
waterfalls
geoges

Question 2

what’s it like in middle course

Answer 2

river starts flow slowly as transports sediment
gets wider as tributes join together

Question 3

What’s it like in the lower course?

Answer 3

The river channel is deep and wide and the land around the river is flat

Question 4

What does the river long profile show?

Answer 4

The long profile shows how the rivers gradient changes as it flows from its source to its mouth

Question 5

Define source

Answer 5

Where river begins

Question 6

define a drainage basinl

Answer 6

The area from which water drains into the river

Question 7

Define watersheds

Answer 7

The imaginary line that separates two drainage basins

Question 8

define confluence

Answer 8

The point where two rivers joined together

Question 9

define tributes

Answer 9

Small rivers which joined the main river

Question 10

define flood plane

Answer 10

Land that floods when a river over flows

Question 11

Define mouth

Answer 11

Where the river flows into the sea or lake

Question 12

Define riverbeds

Answer 12

The bottom of a river channel

Question 13

Define riverbank

Answer 13

The side of a river channel

Question 14

Define channel

Answer 14

What the river flows in

Question 15

What are the energy levels like in the upper course?

Answer 15

high energy levels

Question 16

what are the four changes that occur in the middle course?

Answer 16

1. The Valley sides become less deep given the shape of an open V.
2. The river begins to a road sideways into its bank. This opens out the valley floor and a floodplain starts to develop.
3. Erosion and deposition occurs.
4. The edges of the floodplain are marked by bluff.

Question 17

what’s the dominant process in the lower course

Answer 17

deposition

Question 18

define erosion

Answer 18

gradual removal of rock from a rivers bank and bed

Question 19

define abrasion

Answer 19

Rocks carried along by the river where the river bed and banks

Question 20

define hydraulic action

Answer 20

The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in the cracks
The pressure builds weakening the bed and the banks gradually wearing them away

Question 21

define solution

Answer 21

Soluble particles and minerals are dissolved into the river

Question 22

define attrition

Answer 22

Rocks being transported by the river smashed together and breaking into smaller rounder and smoother pieces

Question 23

Define gradient

Answer 23

A steep gradient results in the river water being pulled by gravity cutting down and eroding the channel

Question 24

Define rock resistance

Answer 24

erosion rate increases the more erodible the rock is

Question 25

Define solution

Answer 25

Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution

Question 26

Define solution

Answer 26

Minerals are dissolved in the water and carried along in solution

Question 27

Define suspension

Answer 27

Find light material is carried along in the water

Question 28

define saltation

Answer 28

Small pebbles and stones are bouncing along the river bed

Question 29

Define traction

Answer 29

Large builders and rocks are rolled along the river bed

Question 30

Define capacity

Answer 30

maximum amount of things a river can carry = overall weight of the load

Question 31

Define competence

Answer 31

largest sized individual particles a river can carry =
The largest rock it could move

Question 32

define artificial levees

Answer 32

Where people build up the height of a bank (pulled or coated in concrete) to limit the change of a river flooding

Question 33

define estuaries

Answer 33

The title part of the river where freshwater from the river merges with the saltwater from the sea