Hazard

Question 1

Hazard risk factors

Answer 1

Geographical location
Population density and distribution
Time
Natural factors
Frequency
Magnitude
Education
Level of development / wealth

Question 2

name 3 types of tectonic natural hazards

Answer 2

earthquakes
volcanic eruptions
tsunamis

Question 3

what is the difference between natural hazards and natural disasters

Answer 3

natural disasters are when the natural hazards actually affect people or their property

Question 4

what caused the tectonic natural hazards

Answer 4

the movement of the tectonic plates

Question 5

describe the inner core of the earth

Answer 5

a ball of solid iron and nickel

Question 6

describe the outer core of the earth

Answer 6

very hot liquid

Question 7

what is the mantle

Answer 7

semi molten rock moving very slowly around the earths core

Question 8

what is the outer layer of the earth called

Answer 8

the crust

Question 9

how thin is the crust

Answer 9

20km approximately

Question 10

what are tectonic plates

Answer 10

areas of the crust divided into slabs

Question 11

what do the tectonic plates float on

Answer 11

the mantle

Question 12

what are the two main types of natural hazards

Answer 12

1. geological hazards: caused by land and tectonic processes eg. volcanoes and earthquakes
2. meteorological hazards: caused by weather and climate
   eg. tropical storms and other extreme weather (heatwaves)

Question 13

factors that affect hazard risks from natural hazards

Answer 13

.vulnerability: 1.the more people that are in the area exposed, greater probability they will be affected, 2. for example high population density on a flood plain is very vulnerable
.capacity to cope: 1.the better a population can cope with a extreme event, the lower the risk of them being effected, 2. for example hic are able to cope with flooding because they can afford defences
.nature of natural hazards: 1.type- the risk for some hazards at greater than others, 2.frequency- natural hazards that occur more often may carry a higher risk, 3.magnitude- more severe natural hazards tend to have the greatest effects

Question 14

what is a primary effect

Answer 14

are the immediate impacts cause by the hazard itself:
.buildings and roads are destroyed
.people are injured or killed
.crops and water supplies can be damaged or contaminated
.electricity cables, gas pipes and communication networks can be damaged

Question 15

what is the secondary effect

Answer 15

happen later on often as a result of the primary effects
.initial hazard can trigger other hazards eg. earthquakes-> tsunami
.aid and emergency
.a shortage of clean water lack of sanitation
.food shortages can occur if crops are damaged or livestock killed
.the country’s economy can be weakened, damage to business can cause unemployment and reconstruction can be expensive

Question 16

what are examples of immediate responses

Answer 16

.evacuate people
.treat the injured and rescue
.recover dead bodies
.provide suppliers electricity and gas
.provide food,drink and shelter
.foreign governments or charities may send aid ,suppliers or financial donations

Question 17

what are examples of long term responses

Answer 17

.repair homes or rehouse people
.repair buildings, roads, railways, bridges
.reconnect broken electricity, water , gas and communication connections
.improve building regulations so the can withstand similar hazards
.boost economic recovery eg. by promoting tourism

Question 18

the earths crust is divided to tectonic plates, what do they float on ?

Answer 18

the mantle

Question 19

what are the three types of plate margins?

Answer 19

. destructive margins
. constructive margins
. conservative margins

Question 20

what direction do destructive margins move

Answer 20

toward each other
the plates meet, one is forced down into the the mantle and destroyed. volcanoes and ocean trenches occur here

Question 21

what direction do constructive margin plates go?

Answer 21

move away from each other
magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap and cools, creating new crust.

Question 22

what direction do the conservative margin plates go ?

Answer 22

sideways past each other orrr moving the same direction but at different speeds. creating friction. crust isn’t created or destroyed.

Question 23

what plate margins do volcanoes appear on ?

Answer 23

destructive and constructive

Question 24

what is magma when it reaches the surface

Answer 24

lava

Question 25

how do earthquakes occur

Answer 25

1. they are cause by tension that builds up at all three types of pants margins
2. the plates eventually jerk past each other sending shock waves. theese vibrations are earthquakes
3. the shock waves are spread out from the focus- the point in the in the earth where the earthquake starts. waves are stronger near the focus and cause more damage
4. the epicentre is the lint on the earths surface straight above the focus
5. earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale