Risk, resilience, and prevention (chapter 3) Flashcards
Epidemiology
Studies the course of a disease(including: onset, duration, incidence, point prevelance, lifetime prevelance, comorbidity, and utilization of care).
Risk factor
-individual or environmental factor that temporally precedes a disorder and predicts its occurrence.
Universal prevention
Applied to an entire population, regardless of risk.
Primary prevention
-applied to an at risk population preventing a problem before it occurs.
Secondary prevention
-early intervention to prevent a problem from becoming entrenched or resistant to treatment.
Tertiary prevention
-reduction of duration and severity of disorder or prevention of relapse
Diathesis
Predisposition to a disorder
Stress
Life event that interacts with the diathesis
Diathesis stress model
Diathesis Stress Personality trait Biological risk factor Cognitive trait
Etiology
Cause of mental disorder
Incidence
New cases of mental disorder within a specific time period
Prevelance
All cases of mental disorder , including new and existing cases, within a specific time period
Lifetime prevelance
The porportion of those who have had a certain mental disorder at anytime in their life up to the point they were assessed
Percentage of Americans who experience a mental disorder at some point in their life
46.4%
Comorbitity
Refers to the presence of 2 or more disorders in a person and is a significant concern for mental health professionals
Cohort effects
Significant differences in disorder expression depending on demographic features such as age or gender.
Most mental disorders first appear in
Adolescence or early adulthood
Risk factor examples
- women
- age 18-44
- (ethnicity to some extent)
- not completing high school
- divorce
- genetic predisposition
- family risk factors
- poverty
- discrimination
- racism
- sexism
Protective factors
associated with lower risk of mental disorders
Protective factor examples
- social support
- satisfaction with social life
- happy marriages
- self efficacy
- problem solving skills
- hopefulness
- positivity
Resilience
Ability to withstand and rise above extreme adversity
Resiliency factor examples
- good academic competence
- effective work and play
- supportive families and communities
- spirituality
- religion
Prevention
Thwarting the development of later problems and may be more efficient and effective than individual treatment after a mental disorder occurs
Selective prevention
Similar to secondary prevention in that people at risk for a particular problem are targeted
Indicated prevention
-targets individuals(not groups) who are at very high risk for developing extensive problems in the future and have not yet developed a full blown disorder
Social norming
Students often overestimate how much other students drink and that students drink in amounts they perceive others to drink
