Risk, resilience, and prevention (chapter 3)

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

Studies the course of a disease(including: onset, duration, incidence, point prevelance, lifetime prevelance, comorbidity, and utilization of care).

Question 2

Risk factor

Answer 2

-individual or environmental factor that temporally precedes a disorder and predicts its occurrence.

Question 3

Universal prevention

Answer 3

Applied to an entire population, regardless of risk.

Question 4

Primary prevention

Answer 4

-applied to an at risk population preventing a problem before it occurs.

Question 5

Secondary prevention

Answer 5

-early intervention to prevent a problem from becoming entrenched or resistant to treatment.

Question 6

Tertiary prevention

Answer 6

-reduction of duration and severity of disorder or prevention of relapse

Question 7

Diathesis

Answer 7

Predisposition to a disorder

Question 8

Stress

Answer 8

Life event that interacts with the diathesis

Question 9

Diathesis stress model

Answer 9

Diathesis 
Stress
Personality trait 
Biological risk factor 
Cognitive trait

Question 10

Etiology

Answer 10

Cause of mental disorder

Question 11

Incidence

Answer 11

New cases of mental disorder within a specific time period

Question 12

Prevelance

Answer 12

All cases of mental disorder , including new and existing cases, within a specific time period

Question 13

Lifetime prevelance

Answer 13

The porportion of those who have had a certain mental disorder at anytime in their life up to the point they were assessed

Question 14

Percentage of Americans who experience a mental disorder at some point in their life

Answer 14

46.4%

Question 15

Comorbitity

Answer 15

Refers to the presence of 2 or more disorders in a person and is a significant concern for mental health professionals

Question 16

Cohort effects

Answer 16

Significant differences in disorder expression depending on demographic features such as age or gender.

Question 17

Most mental disorders first appear in

Answer 17

Adolescence or early adulthood

Question 18

Risk factor examples

Answer 18

• women
• age 18-44
• (ethnicity to some extent)
• not completing high school
• divorce
• genetic predisposition
• family risk factors
• poverty
• discrimination
• racism
• sexism

Question 19

Protective factors

Answer 19

associated with lower risk of mental disorders

Question 20

Protective factor examples

Answer 20

• social support
• satisfaction with social life
• happy marriages
• self efficacy
• problem solving skills
• hopefulness
• positivity

Question 21

Resilience

Answer 21

Ability to withstand and rise above extreme adversity

Question 22

Resiliency factor examples

Answer 22

• good academic competence
• effective work and play
• supportive families and communities
• spirituality
• religion

Question 23

Prevention

Answer 23

Thwarting the development of later problems and may be more efficient and effective than individual treatment after a mental disorder occurs

Question 24

Selective prevention

Answer 24

Similar to secondary prevention in that people at risk for a particular problem are targeted

Question 25

Indicated prevention

Answer 25

-targets individuals(not groups) who are at very high risk for developing extensive problems in the future and have not yet developed a full blown disorder

Question 26

Social norming

Answer 26

Students often overestimate how much other students drink and that students drink in amounts they perceive others to drink