Mood disorders

Question 1

Depression

Answer 1

A down, state of sadness, withdrawl that is more than just a bad mood and effects most if not all aspects of daily functioning

Question 2

3 important distinctions

Answer 2

1. Depressive symptoms
2. Depression as a syndorm(syptoms coccure)
3. Depression as a psychological disorder(recive diagnosis)

Question 3

Cognitive model of depression

Answer 3

Depressed individuals think differntly (underestimate preformance, judge selves to have preformed worse than they actuallu do, and blame selves for failures)

-therapy focuses on reframing cognitive distortions and finding alternative coping skills to replace maladaptive schemas

Question 4

Biological model of depresson

Answer 4

Seratonin is thought to play a mojor role (SSRIs)
-takes weeks for dugs to be effectibve
Also may involve norepinephrine(effexor) or dapamine (wellbutrin)

Stress: chronic stress—> heightended levels of cortisol—erodes systems related to norepenephrine and other NTs and disrups circadian rhythems

Treatment focuses on ECT: acts like a system reboot and leads to resotred seratonin, norepenephrin, and dopamine release

Question 5

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic model for depression

Answer 5

Traditional model(psychoanalytic) proposed by frued says -forbidin feelings toward someone that are inappropriate and anger turned inward

Psychodynamic- modern model
-focuses on maladaptive relationship patterns and hypothesizes behaivoral patterns over time

Question 6

Behaivoral model of depression

Answer 6

Anhedonia cause by not a lot of rewarding things in life and too much time to ruminate

Treatment focuses on behaivoral activation, self monitoring, and pleasent activity schedual

Question 7

Humanistic model of depression

Answer 7

Disconnect betweeen who you are who and who you think you should be and clients might not even know what they want

Modern

• positive psychotherapy
• helps clients identify wat is important to them and recraft their lives accordingly

Question 8

Sociocultural model of depression

Answer 8

Belief you should move on and be happy
-gender disparity in depression based on social roles in responding to low moods
Men—>action
Women—>reflection and rumimation 
-men are less likely to report distress

Question 9

Dysthymia

Answer 9

A chronic form of depression lasting at least 2 years with at least 2 of the symptoms of MDD.

Question 10

Double Depression

Answer 10

Person has a dythymic disorder so there baseline isnt normal mood like in MDD. There baseline is a low grade depression and they occilate between that and severe depressiojn.

Question 11

DSM 5 Clinical Depression

Answer 11

Must experience symptoms for at least 2 weeks

Patient must experience 5 ut of 9 of the fwollowing and depressed mood and anhedonia must be part of the 5

• depressec mood
• anhedonia
• a considerable loss or gain of weight (5% or more)
• insomnia or hypersomnia
• psychomoter agitation or retardation
• feeling fatigued or diminished energy
• reduced ability to think or concentrate
• thoughts of worthlessness and extreme guilt
• frequent thoughts of death or suicide

Also:

• symptoms cause sig distress or impariment
• not attributable to another condition
• never been a hypomanic or manic episode