Chapter 12 (psychotic disorders and schizophrenia)

Question 1

Psychotic disorders

Answer 1

9unusual emotional states or affect

Question 2

Delusions

Answer 2

Extremely rigid or bizarre beliefs

Question 3

Inappropriate affect

Answer 3

Mood that does not match the context of a given situation

Question 4

Hallucinations

Answer 4

Sensory experiences without a real or environmental stimulus

Question 5

Catatonia

Answer 5

-near immovable state for long periods of time

Question 6

Avolition

Answer 6

Unable to care for oneself daily

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

Positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations and negative symptoms such as lack of speech or emotions and failure to care for oneself

Question 8

Schizophreniform disorder

Answer 8

Features of schizophrenia for 1-6 months but not necessarily with great impairment in daily functioning

Question 9

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 9

Characteristic features of schizophrenia and a depressive or manic episode

Question 10

Delusional disorder

Answer 10

No psychotic symptoms except for one or more delusions

Question 11

Brief psychotic disorder

Answer 11

Several key features of schizophrenia for 1 day-1 month

Question 12

Positive symptoms

Answer 12

Represent excessive or overt symptoms(delusions, hallucinations,disorganized speech and behaivor, inappropriate affect, catatonia)

Question 13

Negative symptoms

Answer 13

Represent deficits or covert symptoms(lack of speech or emotions, avolition, flat affect, anhedonia, lack of insight on ones condition)

Question 14

Persecutory delusions

Answer 14

Type of delusion most commonly seen in peopke with schizophrenia that represent irrational beliefs one is being harmed or harrassed in some way

Question 15

Control delusions

Answer 15

Irrational beliefs that others are deliberalty:

• placing thoughts inside a persons head
• transmitting thoughts so everyone can hear them
• stealing thoughts to create memory loss

Question 16

Grandios delusions

Answer 16

-irrational beliefs that one is an exceptionally powerful or important person when actually this is not so

Question 17

Referential delusions

Answer 17

Irrational beliefs that events in everyday life have something special to do with oneself

Question 18

Disorganized speech

Answer 18

Speech patterns so disorganized a person cannot maintain a regular conversation, verbilization may be disconnected, jumbled or interrupted/discontinues, neologism(making up fake words), rhyming, not speak at all

Question 19

Catatonic behaivor

Answer 19

Unusual moter symptoms(wild, uncontrolled moter activity, repeat others words, adopt an unchanging rigid posture)

Question 20

Alogia

Answer 20

Speaking very little to people and appearing withdrawn

Question 21

Prodromal phase

Answer 21

People with schizophrenia usual begin with this phase (last days, weeks, months, years) in which they act odd and have negative symptoms as well

Question 22

Schizophrenia DSM 5 criteria

Answer 22

1. Two or more of the following during a one month period with at least one of them 1, 2 or 3.
   - delusions
   - hallucinations
   - disorganized speech
   - grossly sidorganized or catatonic behaivor
   - negative symptoms
2. significant impairment and distress
3. Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months
4. Other disorders ruled out becuse of a lack of major depressive or manic episodes

Question 23

Residual phase

Answer 23

usually involves symptoms very similar tot he prodromal phase

Question 24

Schizophreniform disorder DSM 5 criteria

Answer 24

1. Two or more of the following each present for a sig amount of time during 1 month period and 1, 2, or 3 at least one
   - delusions
   - hallucinations
   - disorganized speech
   - grossly disorganized or catatonic behaivor
   - negative symptoms
2. episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months

Question 25

Schizoaffective disorder DSM 5 criteria

Answer 25

1. Uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode(mania or depression) concurrent withcriteria for schizophrenia
2. delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in absence of major mood episode
3. Symptoms meet criteria for major mood episode and are present for the majority of the total duration of the active residual portions of an illness

Question 26

Delusional disorder DSM 5 criteria

Answer 26

1. Presence of 1 or more delusions with a duration of one month or longer
2. criterion a for schizophrenia has never been met
3. Functioning is not very impaired apart from ramifications of delusions

Question 27

Brief psychotic disorder DSM 5 criteria

Answer 27

1. Presence of 1 or more of the following symptoms at least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3
   - delusions
   - hallucinations
   - disorganized speech
   - catatonia or grossly disorganized behaivor
2. Duration is lat least a day but less than 1 month with eventual full return to premorbid functioning

Question 28

Post-partum psychosis

Answer 28

Psychotic symptoms that may occur in women after giving birth

Question 29

Brain features of schizophrenia

Answer 29

• enlarged ventricles
• smaller thalamus and parietal/occipital lobes
• smaller basal ganglia and cerebellum
• smaller corpus colosum

Question 30

Neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Answer 30

Essential states that a subtle disease process affects brain areas early in life and progresses graduallly to where full blown symptoms are present

Question 31

Poor theory of the mind

Answer 31

A poor understanding of the thoughts and beliefs of other

Question 32

Typical antipsychotics

Answer 32

Traditionally used for this population and focus on reducing levels of dopamine in the brain, not as effective for sever cases, and more severe side effects

Question 33

Atypical antipsychotics

Answer 33

Appear more effective for treatment of Elsevier cases and longer term effects

Question 34

Extrapyramidal effects

Answer 34

Involuntary movements of the body typically caused by typical antipsychotics

Question 35

Milieu therapy

Answer 35

Establishing an environment in with pro social and self-care skills are encouraged

Question 36

Token economy

Answer 36

Pro social or self care skills are tangibly rewarded and later exchanged for privileges