Chapter 12 (psychotic disorders and schizophrenia) Flashcards
Psychotic disorders
9unusual emotional states or affect
Delusions
Extremely rigid or bizarre beliefs
Inappropriate affect
Mood that does not match the context of a given situation
Hallucinations
Sensory experiences without a real or environmental stimulus
Catatonia
-near immovable state for long periods of time
Avolition
Unable to care for oneself daily
Schizophrenia
Positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations and negative symptoms such as lack of speech or emotions and failure to care for oneself
Schizophreniform disorder
Features of schizophrenia for 1-6 months but not necessarily with great impairment in daily functioning
schizoaffective disorder
Characteristic features of schizophrenia and a depressive or manic episode
Delusional disorder
No psychotic symptoms except for one or more delusions
Brief psychotic disorder
Several key features of schizophrenia for 1 day-1 month
Positive symptoms
Represent excessive or overt symptoms(delusions, hallucinations,disorganized speech and behaivor, inappropriate affect, catatonia)
Negative symptoms
Represent deficits or covert symptoms(lack of speech or emotions, avolition, flat affect, anhedonia, lack of insight on ones condition)
Persecutory delusions
Type of delusion most commonly seen in peopke with schizophrenia that represent irrational beliefs one is being harmed or harrassed in some way
Control delusions
Irrational beliefs that others are deliberalty:
- placing thoughts inside a persons head
- transmitting thoughts so everyone can hear them
- stealing thoughts to create memory loss
Grandios delusions
-irrational beliefs that one is an exceptionally powerful or important person when actually this is not so
Referential delusions
Irrational beliefs that events in everyday life have something special to do with oneself
Disorganized speech
Speech patterns so disorganized a person cannot maintain a regular conversation, verbilization may be disconnected, jumbled or interrupted/discontinues, neologism(making up fake words), rhyming, not speak at all
Catatonic behaivor
Unusual moter symptoms(wild, uncontrolled moter activity, repeat others words, adopt an unchanging rigid posture)
Alogia
Speaking very little to people and appearing withdrawn
Prodromal phase
People with schizophrenia usual begin with this phase (last days, weeks, months, years) in which they act odd and have negative symptoms as well
Schizophrenia DSM 5 criteria
- Two or more of the following during a one month period with at least one of them 1, 2 or 3.
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly sidorganized or catatonic behaivor
- negative symptoms - significant impairment and distress
- Continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least 6 months
- Other disorders ruled out becuse of a lack of major depressive or manic episodes
Residual phase
usually involves symptoms very similar tot he prodromal phase
Schizophreniform disorder DSM 5 criteria
- Two or more of the following each present for a sig amount of time during 1 month period and 1, 2, or 3 at least one
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behaivor
- negative symptoms - episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months
Schizoaffective disorder DSM 5 criteria
- Uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode(mania or depression) concurrent withcriteria for schizophrenia
- delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in absence of major mood episode
- Symptoms meet criteria for major mood episode and are present for the majority of the total duration of the active residual portions of an illness
Delusional disorder DSM 5 criteria
- Presence of 1 or more delusions with a duration of one month or longer
- criterion a for schizophrenia has never been met
- Functioning is not very impaired apart from ramifications of delusions
Brief psychotic disorder DSM 5 criteria
- Presence of 1 or more of the following symptoms at least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- catatonia or grossly disorganized behaivor - Duration is lat least a day but less than 1 month with eventual full return to premorbid functioning
Post-partum psychosis
Psychotic symptoms that may occur in women after giving birth
Brain features of schizophrenia
- enlarged ventricles
- smaller thalamus and parietal/occipital lobes
- smaller basal ganglia and cerebellum
- smaller corpus colosum
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis
Essential states that a subtle disease process affects brain areas early in life and progresses graduallly to where full blown symptoms are present
Poor theory of the mind
A poor understanding of the thoughts and beliefs of other
Typical antipsychotics
Traditionally used for this population and focus on reducing levels of dopamine in the brain, not as effective for sever cases, and more severe side effects
Atypical antipsychotics
Appear more effective for treatment of Elsevier cases and longer term effects
Extrapyramidal effects
Involuntary movements of the body typically caused by typical antipsychotics
Milieu therapy
Establishing an environment in with pro social and self-care skills are encouraged
Token economy
Pro social or self care skills are tangibly rewarded and later exchanged for privileges
