(Chapter 5) anxiety disorders Flashcards
Worry
Largely cognitive or “thinking” concept that refers to concerns about possible future threat
Anxiety
An emotional state that occurs as a threatening even draws close
3 key parts of anxiety
- Physical feeling
- thoughts
- Behaivors
Fear
An intense emotional state that occurs as a threat is imminent or actually occurring, specific reaction that is clear and immediate
Anxiety related disorders
People have persistent episodes of severe worry, anxiety, or fear that keeps them from doing things they would normally do.
Panic attack
A period of time, usually several minutes, in which a person experiences intense feelings of fear, apprehension that something terrible will happen, and physical symptoms
Derealization
Feelings that surrounding events are not real
Depersonalization
The person is watching themselves go through the situation
Unexpected panic attacks
Panic attacks that occur out of the blue, or without warning and predictability
Expected panic attack
Has a specific trigger
DSM 5 Panic attack symptoms
- Palpitations
- sweating
- Trembling
- shortness of breath
- Feelings of choking
- chest pain or discomfort
- nausea or abdominal distress
- Dizzy, lightnheadedness
- Chills or heat sensations
- Numbness or tingling sensations(paresthesias)
- Derealization/depersonalization
- Fear of goign crazy
- Fear of dying
Panic disorder DSM-5 diagnosis
People who regularly experience unexpected panic attacks and at least one of these panic attacks must be followed by a month or more of concern about having on other attack, worry about what a panic attack might mean, or having a change in behaivor.
Agoraphobia
Anxiety about being in places where panic symtoms may occur, especially places where escape might be difficult
Agoraphobia DSM 5 criteria
- Marked fear or anxiety about 2 or more of:
- using public transportation
- being in open spaces
- being in enclosed spaces
- standing in line or being in a crowd
- being outside of the home alone - the ind. fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts of escape might be difficult
- the agoraphobic situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety
- Sistauions are clearly avoided, or endured with intense anxiety
- fear or anxiety is out of proportion to actual danger
- fer or anxiety avoidance is persistent(6 months or more)
- fear or anxiety avoidance causes clinically significant stress or impairment in daily functioning
Social phobia(social anxiety disorder)
Marked by intense and ongoing fear of potentially embarrassing social or preformance situations
Social anxiety is disorder DSM 5 criterion
- Marked fear or anxiety about 1 or more social situations
- Ind. fears he/she will act in a way that will show anxiety symptoms and cause embarrassment
- Social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety
- social situations are avoided or endure with intense anxiety
- fear or anxiety is out of porportion to actual threat
- Causes clinically significant distress or functional impairment
Preformance only social anxiety disorder
If a person fears only speaking or preforming in public
Specific phobia
Excessive, unreasonable fear of a particular abject or situation
DSM 5 specific phobia criteria
- Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or sistauion
- The phobic object almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety
- Avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety
- out of poportionto actual danger ot threat present
- Persistent avoidance or fear(lasting 6 months or more)
- Clinically significant distress or impairment
5 types of specific phobia
- Animal phobias
- Natural environment phobias
- Blood-injection injury phobias
- Situational phobias
- Other phobias
Animal phobias
Fear of animals, insects, etc.
Natural environment phobias
Fear or surrounding phenomenon: heights, water weather events, etc.
Blood-injection injury phobias
Fear of needles, medical procedures, and harm to self
Situational phobias
Fear of specific areas, enclosed spaces, elevators, etc.
Other phobias
Any other intense fear of a specific object
Generalized anxiety disorder
-extreme levels of worry about various events or activities
DSM 5 criteria for GAD
- Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
- Individual finds it difficult to control the worry
- anxiety and worry are associated with 3 or more of the following:
- restlessness or feeling on edge
- being easily fatigued
- difficulting concentrating
- irritability
- muscle tension
- sleep disturbance - Clinically significant distress or functional impairment
Compulsions
Rituals or habits
Obsessions
Constant ideas, impulses, or images
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Involves, obsessions and compulsions done to repeadityl to reduce anxiety from obsessions
And OCD DSM 5 criteria
- Present -obsessions -compulsions or both
- obsessions are defined by reaccurent, persistent thoughts, urges or images that are intrusive unwanted and cause anxiety or distress
- individual attempts to ignore or suppress such obsessions or neutralize them with preforming a compulsion
- compulsions are defined by 0repetive behaivors, that an individual feels drive to preform in response to an obsession
- compulsions are aimed in reducing anxiety or distress over preventing some dread3ed event or situation
- obsessions, compulsions are time consuming and cause clinically significant distress or functional impairment
Hoarding disorder
-refers to people who have persistent difficulty parting with possessions, who feel they need to save items, and who expeierence cluttering of living areas
Trichotillomania
-pulling out hair
Excoriation disorder
-Pick at skin
Body dysmorphic disorder
-preoccupied with imaginary or slight defect in their appearance
Body dysmorphic disorder DSM 5 criteria
- Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others
- Individual preforms repetitive behaivors in response to appearance concerns
- Causes significant distress or functional impairment
- idv. Do not better meet criteria for an eating disorder
PTSD
Marked by frequent reexperienceing of traumatic event through images, memories, nightmares, flashback or in other ways
PTSD DSM 5 criteria
- Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or violence in one or more of the following ways:
- direct experience
- witnessing in person
- learning it occured to a close family member or close friend
- experiencing extreme or repeated aversive details of the event - Presence of one or more of the following symptoms
- recurrent distressing memories
- dreams
- dissociative reactions(flashbacks)
- intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to cues that symbolize the event
- marked psychological reactions to cues - Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with traumatic event by one r both of the following
- avoidance or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings
- avoidance or efforts to avoid external reminders of event - Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with event by two or more of the following:
- inability to remember
- persistent exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself or the world
- distorted cognitions
- negative emotional state
- anhedonia
- feelings of attachment or estrangement from others
- inability or experience positive emotions - Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with event by two or more of the following:
- irritable behaivor
- reckless, self destructive behavior
- hyper vigilance
- exaggerated startle response
- problems with concentration
- sleep disturbance - Duration of the disturbance last more than 1 month
- Significant distress or functional impairment
Seperation anxiety disorder
-marked by substantial distress when seperation from a major attachment figure occurs or is expected to occur.
Acute stress disorder DSM 5 Criteria
Basically all the criteria for PTSD except this can occur up to 3 days to 1 month after the event
Seperation anxiety disorder DSM 5 criteria
- Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning seperation from those who the individual feels attached to as evidenced by at least 3 of the following:
- recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or experiencing seperation
- persistent worry about loosing attachment figure
- persistent excessive worry about getting lost which would cause seperation from person
- persistent reluctance ot go out for fear of seperation
- persistent reluctance of being alone without attachment figure
- repeated seperation nightmares
- physical symptoms during seperation - The fear or anxiety is persistent and lasts 4 or more weeks in children’s nd 6 or more months in adults
- Causes significant distress and impairment
Behaivoral inhibition
Withdrawal from unfamiliar or new stimuli
Cognitive distortions
Negative thought patterns
Thought-action fusion
One believes thinking abut something means he/she is a terrible person or a terrible thing is about to happen
Anxiety sensitivity
A fear of the potential dangerousness of internal sensations
Behaivors avoidance tests
Done tos we how close someone with an anxiety disorder can get to a feared situation or object
Psychoeducation
Educating a person on the three components of anxiety and how they relate to the person
Somatic control exercises
-to address physical feelings of anxiety so they are less strong and threatening
Relaxation training
A person is taught to tense and release different muscle groups to diffuse tension
Breathing training
Deep breathing
Cognitive therapy
Changing negative thought patterns
Exposure- based practices
Typically used to draw a person closer to whatever he/she is fearful about
Systematic desensitization
A person is slowly approaching a feared situation while practicing relaxation training or cognitive therapy
Flooding
Exposing a person to a fear with little preparation
Interoceptive exposure
-exposure to internal feelings or sensations one fears
Response(or ritual) prevention
A person is exposed to his/her obsession and unable to be able to engage in the compulsion
Worry exposure
Concentrate their anxious thoughts and think about as many alternatives tot he event as possible
