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Finals > Risk factors for important conditions > Flashcards

Risk factors for important conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the RF for an ectopic pregnancy ?

A

ANYTHING THAT SLOWS THE PASSAGE OF THE OVUM TO THE UTERUS :

  • Damage to tubes (PID, surgery)
  • Previous ectopic
  • Endometriosis
  • IUCD
  • POP
  • IVF
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2
Q

RF for myelodysplastic syndrome

A
  • Older age
  • Previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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3
Q

RF for a DVT

A
  • Immobility
  • Recent surgery
  • Long haul travel
  • Pregnancy
  • Hormone therapy with oestrogen
  • Malignancy
  • Polycythaemia
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Thrombophilia
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4
Q

RF that predispose someone to developing an AKI

A
  • Older age (e.g., above 65 years)
  • Sepsis
  • CKD
  • Heart failure
  • Diabetes
  • Liver disease
  • Cognitive impairment (leading to reduced fluid intake)
  • Medications (e.g., NSAIDs, gentamicin, diuretics and ACE inhibitors)
    Radiocontrast agents (e.g., used during CT scans)
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5
Q

RF for a urogenital prolapse

A
  • Multiple vaginal deliveries
  • Instrumental, prolonged or traumatic delivery
  • Advanced age and postmenopause status
  • Obesity
  • Chronic respiratory disease causing coughing
  • Chronic constipation causing straining
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6
Q

RF for urinary incontinence

A
  • Increased age
  • Postmenopausal status
  • Increase BMI
  • Previous pregnancies and vaginal deliveries
  • Pelvic organ prolapse
  • Pelvic floor surgery
  • Neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis
  • Cognitive impairment and dementia
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7
Q

RF for bacterial vaginosis

A
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Excessive vaginal cleaning
  • Recent antibiotics
  • Smoking
  • Copper coil
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8
Q

RF for thrush

A
  • Increased oestrogen (higher in pregnancy, lower pre-puberty and post-menopause)
  • Poorly controlled diabetes
  • Immunosuppression (e.g. using corticosteroids)
  • Broad-spectrum antibiotics
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9
Q

Give 6 RF for developing PID

A
  • Not using barrier contraception
  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Younger age
  • Existing sexually transmitted infections
  • Previous PID
  • Copper coil
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10
Q

RF for gestational DM

A
  • Previous gestational diabetes
  • Previous macrosomic baby (≥ 4.5kg)
  • BMI > 30
  • Ethnic origin (black Caribbean, Middle Eastern and South Asian)
  • Family history of diabetes (first-degree relative)
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11
Q

Give 3 RF for vasa praevia

A

Low lying placenta
IVF pregnancy
Multiple pregnancy

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12
Q

RF for placenta praevia

A
  • Previous c section
  • Previous placenta praevia
  • Older maternal age
  • Maternal smoking
  • Structural uterine abnormalities (e.g. fibroids)
  • Assisted reproduction (e.g. IVF)
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13
Q

RF for placental abruption

A
  • Previous placental abruption
  • Pre-eclampsia
  • Trauma
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • Increased maternal age
  • Smoking
  • Cocaine or amphetamine use
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14
Q

RF for placenta accreta

A
  • Previous placenta accreta
  • Previous endometrial curettage procedures (e.g. for miscarriage or abortion)
  • PREVIOUS C SECTIOn
  • Multigravida
  • Increased maternal age
  • Low-lying placenta or PLACENTAL PRAEVIA
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15
Q

Gout RF

A
  • Male
  • Family history
  • Obesity
  • High purine diet (e.g., meat and seafood)
  • Alcohol
  • Diuretics
  • CVD
  • CKD
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16
Q

what is seen on aspiration of joint fluid in gout ?

A
  • Needle shaped negatively birefringement crystals of monosodium urate
17
Q

Major risk factors for osteoporosis

A
  • History of glucocorticoid use
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Alcohol excess
  • History of parental - - Hip fracture
  • Low BMI
  • Current smoking
18
Q

RF for SGA

A

Previous SGA baby
Obesity
Smoking
Diabetes
Existing hypertension
Pre-eclampsia
Older mother (over 35 years)
Multiple pregnancy
Low pregnancy‑associated plasma protein‑A (PAPPA)
Antepartum haemorrhage
Antiphospholipid syndrome

19
Q

RF for stillbirth

A

Fetal growth restriction
Smoking
Alcohol
Increased maternal age
Maternal obesity
Twins
Sleeping on the back (as opposed to either side)

20
Q

RF for uterine rupture

A

MAIN : previous c section
Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC)
Previous uterine surgery
Increased BMI
High parity
Increased age
Induction of labour
Use of oxytocin to stimulate contractions

21
Q

RF for colorectal cancer

A
  • Family history of bowel cancer
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
  • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis)
  • Increased age
  • Diet (high in red and processed meat and low in fibre)
  • Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol

Finals (92 decks)

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