Risk Assessment OSCE Station Flashcards
What is QRisk3?
A prediction algorithm which produces a percentage likelihood of a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years.
What does a QRisk3 Score of >10% indicate?
Lipid-lowering therapy with statins such as atorvastatin.
What factors does QRisk3 account for?
Age, Sex, Ethnicity, Postcode, Smoking, Diabetes, CVD in 1st Degree relative, CKD, SF, Migraines, RA, SLE, Mental illness, Anti-psychotics, steroids, erectile dysfunction, Cholesterol/HDL ratio, Systolic BP, Standard deviation of last two BP and BMI.
What is CHA2DS2-VASc?
A score used to assess the need for anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (Due to embolic stroke risk).
CHA2DS2-VASc - Factors and associated scores.
C - Congestive Heart Failure (1)
H - Hypertension (1)
A2 - Age > 74 (2)
D - Diabetes Mellitus (1)
S2 - Stroke/TIA/Thromboembolism (2)
V - Vascular Disease (1)
A - Age 65-74 (1)
Sc - Sex Category (Female) (1)
Any score greater than 2 indicates that anticoagulation should be considered.
What is the ORBIT score?
Assessment tool for the risk of major bleeding on anticoagulation.
ORBIT Score Factors
O - Old Age (74+)
R - Reduced Hb
B - Bleeding Disorders
I - Insufficient Renal Function
T - Treatment with antiplatelet
3 - Intermediate risk
4 + - High risk of major bleeding.
What Anticoagulation regimen should be given for AF?
DOAC unless contraindicated (Apixaban 5mg).
What is the ABCD2 Score?
Used to stratify patients who are at greater risk of stroke following a TIA.
ABCD2 Factors
A - Age 60+ (1)
B - Blood Pressure >140/90mmHg (1)
C - Clinical Features:
- Unilateral Weakness (2)
- Speech Impairment, No weakness (1)
D - Duration of Symptoms
- 1hr + (2)
- < 1hr (1)
D - Diabetes (1)
4+ High Risk so requires specialist input within 24 hrs.
6 + Very High Risk
What is the FRAX Score?
Used to calculate the risk of a fragility fracture. It provides a 10 year risk of a hip, spine, forearm or shoulder fracture.
Who can the FRAX Score be used for?
- Postmenopausal Women
- Men (50+)
- Osteopenics
- People who have not taken osteoporosis medication.
What factors does the FRAX score account for?
Age, Sex, Weight, Height, Previous Pathological Fracture, Parent NOF #, Smoker, Glucocorticoids, RA, Secondary Osteoporosis, Alcohol Excess, Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density.
What is the Well’s Score?
It is used to assess the clinical probability of DVT in those who are suspected to have one.
What factors does the Wells Score account for?
Active Cancer (1)
Paralysis, Paresis or Immobilisation (1)
Bedridden for >3 Days / Major Surgery <12 Weeks (1)
Localised Leg tenderness (1)
Leg Swelling (1)
Calf Swollen >3Cm (1)
Unilateral pitting oedema (1)
Collateral Superficial Veins (1)
Previous DVT (1)
Alternative diagnosis is at least as likely as DVT (-2)
