Rimantadine Flashcards
What are the therapeutic uses of methotrexate?
Used for cancer treatment (acute leukemias, lymphomas, choriocarcinoma, head, neck, pelvis cancers), rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis.
What are the major adverse effects of methotrexate?
Bone marrow suppression, oral/GI ulceration, liver damage, pulmonary fibrosis.
What labs should be monitored before, during, and after methotrexate therapy?
CBC, thrombocyte counts, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), liver function tests.
How does methotrexate cause bone marrow suppression?
It decreases platelets, RBCs, and WBCs, leading to increased infection and bleeding risk.
What medication can be given to minimize neutropenia caused by methotrexate?
Filgrastim (a colony-stimulating factor).
What should patients be advised to report while taking methotrexate?
Fever, sore throat, unusual bruising, oral ulcerations, blood in stool/vomit, difficulty breathing, and yellowing of skin or eyes.
What precautions should be taken to prevent bleeding while on methotrexate?
Use a soft toothbrush, electric razor, and avoid activities that can cause bruising.
Why should alcohol be avoided while taking methotrexate?
Alcohol increases the risk of liver toxicity.
What pregnancy-related precautions are necessary with methotrexate?
It is teratogenic—contraception is required during and after therapy.
What are the major contraindications for methotrexate?
Pregnancy, liver disease, renal insufficiency.
What drugs interact with methotrexate and increase toxicity risk?
NSAIDs, salicylates, sulfonamides, alcohol.
