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Cardiology > Rickettsiae and other pathogens that target endothelial cells > Flashcards

Rickettsiae and other pathogens that target endothelial cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the pathogens that act on endothelial cells?

A

Rickettsia, CMV, HHV8

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2
Q

What bacteria are found within the rickettsiae family?

A
  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum
  • Ehrlichia cafeenis
  • Rickettsia prowasekii
  • Rickettsia rickettsii
  • Rickettsia typhi
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3
Q

Rickettsiae are __ (extra/intra)cellular pathogens and are gram __

A

obligate intracellular; negative

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4
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii are caused by __. They then cause __.

A

Ticks; Rocky mountain spotted fever

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5
Q

What shape are ricfkettsia rickettsii?

A

Small (0.3 x 1micron) coccobacilli

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6
Q

Are rickettsia rickettsii able to produce their own energy?

A

No, they utilize host carbon sources and host ATP

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7
Q

Where do rickettsia rickettsii divide?

A

In the cytoplasm of infected cells

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8
Q

Rickettsia uses what protein to transfer from cell to cell? How do they spread?

A

Utilize host actin, they can spread without encountering extracellular environment

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9
Q

What is the main target of R. rickettsii?

A

Vascular endothelial cells

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10
Q

What are components of the pathophysiology of R. RIckettsii?

A
  • Alters and damages endothelial cells
  • Platelets bind to altered endothelial cells and set up cascade of events that lead to DIC
  • Endothelial damage leads to blood leakage out of blood vessels, which in turn leads to shock
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11
Q

What are the symptoms of R. Rickettsii?

A

Prodromal symptoms occur within 1-2 weeks

  • Chils, fever, rash, headache, RASH (90% of cases. Rash is erythematous, maculopapular, petechial). Typically on extremities, then travels to trunk
  • Fulminant vasculitis, especially of endothelial cells as well as the vascular smooth muscle cells of kidney, heart, skin, brain, and subq tissues.
  • Vascular endothelial damage is proportional to number of rickettsiae parasitizing them
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12
Q

Is RMSF fatal?

A

Yes, case fatality is 25% without treatment

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13
Q

What is the firstline treatment for RMSF?

A

Doxycycline (targets 30S subunit). Treatment within 5 days is highly effective. Doxycycline does not cause staining of permanet teeth

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14
Q

Hantavirus is transmitted from?

A

Inhaled aerosols contaminated with rodent feces or urine (not person to person)

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15
Q

What type of virus is hantavirus and what family is it in?

A

Enveloped RNA virus in Bunyavirus family. Has segmented genome

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16
Q

Is seroprevalence high or low typically for hantavirus? What might this mean?

A

Seroprevalence is low, which means that people have not really made antibodies for this virus

17
Q

What is a robovirus?

A

transmitted directly from infected animals without arthropod vector

18
Q

Where is hantavirus usually found?

A

Southwest of the US. New Mexica, Arizona, California, Colorado.

19
Q

Outbreaks for hantavirus have been found to occur with __.

A

El Nino

20
Q

What is included with hantavirus pathogenesis?

A
  • Affects cardiac, renal, and pulmonary systems
  • Viral replication in capillary endothelial cells increases vascular permeability
  • Symptoms are caused by direct viral effects on endothelium and immunopathology caused by innate and adaptive responses to viruses
21
Q

Human herpes viruses are what type of virus?

A

Enveloped, ds DNA viruses

22
Q

What are some examples of human herpes viruses?

A
  • HSV1 & HSV2
  • VZV (primary-chicken pox, secondary=shingles)
  • EBV: mono, B-cell lymphomas
  • CMV
  • HHV 6/7: Roseola
    HHV8: Kaposi sarcoma
23
Q

EBV causes?

A

monospot/heterophile aby+

24
Q

CMV causes

A

mono (monospot -)

25
Q

CMV infects which types of cells?

A

myeloid, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells (OWL EYE INCLUSIONS)

26
Q

Is HHV-8 a typical or an atypical virus?

A

Atypical. It is not widespread in the general population. Most commonly in sub-saharan african, middle east, and moderate prevalence in mediterranean and lower in the US

  • Reasons for geographic distributions not understood
  • First detected in Kaposi’s sarcoma, an endothelial neoplasm
  • Also associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases
  • Viral infection of endothelial cells causes VEGF production and angiogenesis

Cardiology (18 decks)

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