Nutrition in CVD

Question 1

What are examples of saturated fat?

Answer 1

Myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic

Question 2

Where are saturated fats found?

Answer 2

Dairy, meat, tropical oils, vegetable oils

Question 3

Saturated fats are solid or liquids at room temp?

Answer 3

Solids

Question 4

AHA recommends replacing saturated fats with __

Answer 4

Polyunsaturated fats

Question 5

Monounsaturated fats are liquids or solids at room temp?

Answer 5

liquids

Question 6

What are some examples of monounsaturated fats?

Answer 6

Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid

Question 7

Where are monounsaturated fats found?

Answer 7

Macadamia nuts, olive oil, canola oil, avocado, almonds, dark chocolate, grape seed oil

Question 8

MUFAs contribute to cholesterol panel how?

Answer 8

They do not raise LDL, and may improve other aspects of lipid profile (HDL and TGs)

Question 9

Omega-6 FAs are solid or liquid at room temp?

Answer 9

Liquid

Question 10

What are some examples of omega-6 FAs

Answer 10

Linoleic acid

Question 11

Where are omega-6 FAs found?

Answer 11

Oils in seeds and nuts, grape seed oils

Question 12

What are the effects of omega 6s in cholesterol metabolism?

Answer 12

1. Promote cholesterol synthesis BUT ALSO promote the conversion of this cholesterol to bile acids
2. Increase expression of LDL-R
3. Decrease conversion of VLDL to LDL
4. Inhibit fatty acid synthase

OVERALL: they decrease LDL, total cholesterol, and TGs

Question 13

What are some examples of omega-3s?

Answer 13

Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid

Question 14

Where are omega-3s found in food?

Answer 14

vegetables, flax seed oil, FISH OIL, SALMON, SARDINES, cold water fish

Question 15

What are the effects of omega-3s in cholesterol metabolism?

Answer 15

1. Decreases FA and TG synthesis
2. Increase LPL activity and inhibit ApoC-III.
3. Promote reverse cholesterol transport

OVERALL: They increase HDL and decrease TG

Question 16

Mediterranean diet was directed at

Answer 16

• High monounsaturated/unsaturated fat ratio
• Emphasis on consumption of legumes, whole grains, cereals, fruits, and vegetables and fish
• Low consumption of meat and meat products

Question 17

Components of DASH diet?

Answer 17

Reduced sodium intake, increased calcium, potassium, magnesium, and fiber. Increased number of fruits, veggies, dairy, and whole grains